| Citation: | CAO Qiang，ZHANG Yuehui，LIU Gensheng，et al. Pressure distribution characteristics and overpressure genesis of the Oligocene Linhe Formation in the Xinglong structural belt of the Linhe Depression of the Hetao Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（6）：1-19 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250190
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Drilling data are sparse in the depression area of the Xinglong structural belt within the Linhe depression of the Hetao Basin, and the distribution patterns and evolution mechanism of the pressure system remain unclear.
Integrating data from drilling, logging, seismic surveys, and related tests with geophysical methods and geological context, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the stratigraphic pressure distribution, genesis, mechanism, and evolution history of the Linhe Formation in the Xinglong Tectonic Belt of the Linhe Depression in the Hetao Basin. The analysis employs basin-scale numerical simulation, fluid inclusion analysis, and testing techniques.
The results indicate that the Linhe Formation's pressure distribution in the study area follows a "high in the north and low in the south, high in the west and low in the east" pattern. Among them, the source rock strata of the Linhe Formation exhibit pronounced lateral zonation: the inner zone and trough area-middle zone zone exhibiting the characteristics of extremely strong overpressure/strong overpressure-weak overpressure-normal pressure. The reservoirs of the Linhe Formation develop overpressure only in the inner zone and trough area, while most other areas exhibit normal pressure. Longitudinally, the overpressure top interface generally lies within the Wuyuan Formation. From top to bottom, overpressure in the Wuyuan Formation, with thick-bedded mudstone, is primarily undercompacted. Hydrocarbon generation pressurization dominates overpressure formation in the Linhe Formation's source rocks, and the principal cause of overpressure in the Linhe Formation reservoirs is pressure transmission. The Linhe Formation's overpressure originated during the rapid burial of the Wuyuan Formation (approximately 5.3 Ma), driven by the dual control mechanism of thermal evolution and undercompaction-hydrocarbon generation in the source rocks, yielding weak overpressure. Overpressure intensification occurred during the Quaternary (approximately 2.6 Ma), with inner-belt reservoir pressures increasing to strong overpressure through pressure transfer. However, overpressure was not preserved in other areas due to strike-slip tectonic adjustment, resulting in normal pressure.
This study clarifies the accumulation dynamics of the Linhe Depression and guides subsequent oil and gas exploration and development.
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