| Citation: | GAO Yipan，SUN Ronglin，HE Shiwei，et al. Non-Fickian phenomenon of solute transport in hierarchical groundwater flow systems of homogeneous sandbox aquifer[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（3）：1-11 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250044
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Groundwater solute transport is a core research content in hydrogeology, and the non-Fickian phenomenon widely existing in the transport process is the key to revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of solute migration. Traditional studies have mostly focused on the non-Fickian phenomenon caused by the heterogeneity of aquifer media, while the research on solute transport in homogeneous aquifers under the hierarchical groundwater flow system model remains relatively limited. This study aims to investigate the non-Fickian phenomenon of solute transport at the discharge points and inside the homogeneous sandbox aquifer with hierarchical groundwater flow systems, as well as its key influencing factors. It is also intended to clarify the manifestation patterns and dominant controlling factors of the non-Fickian phenomenon under the hierarchical flow system model in homogeneous aquifers, and to provide experimental and theoretical basis for the prevention, control, and treatment of groundwater pollution in complex nested basins.
Based on the combination of laboratory sandbox physical experiments and COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation, three different groundwater flow patterns were constructed in the aquifer by adjusting the rainfall infiltration intensity: single regional flow system, local + regional two-level flow system, and local + intermediate + regional three-level flow system. The dynamic monitoring of solute transport at river valley discharge points and internal monitoring points of the aquifer was carried out, and the non-Fickian characteristics of solute transport were systematically analyzed by using the breakthrough curve of solute transport as the core analysis index.
The analysis of solute transport breakthrough curves showed that in the same flow pattern, the significance degree of the non-Fickian phenomenon in different hierarchical flow systems followed the order of regional flow system > intermediate flow system > local flow system. Among different groundwater flow patterns, the significance degree of the non-Fickian phenomenon was ranked as single regional flow system > local + regional two-level flow system > local + intermediate + regional three-level flow system. Distinct non-Fickian transport characteristics of early arrival and tailing were observed at both the river valley discharge points of the physical sandbox and the internal monitoring points of the numerical sandbox, directly reflecting the non-Fickian phenomenon in the hierarchical flow system of the homogeneous aquifer.
The non-Fickian phenomenon of solute transport in the hierarchical groundwater flow systems of the sandbox aquifer is jointly affected by groundwater flow velocity, solute transport path, and rainfall infiltration intensity, with notable differences in the dominant influencing factors of aquifers at different depths. The non-Fickian phenomenon in the shallow aquifer is more significantly affected by groundwater flow velocity, while that in the deep aquifer is mainly controlled by the solute transport path, with a longer path leading to a more obvious non-Fickian tailing phenomenon. There is a significant negative correlation between rainfall infiltration intensity and the non-Fickian phenomenon in the deep aquifer, meaning the smaller the rainfall intensity, the more prominent the non-Fickian tailing phenomenon in the deep part, while rainfall infiltration intensity shows no obvious correlation with the non-Fickian phenomenon in the shallow aquifer. This study enriches the theoretical system of solute transport in hierarchical groundwater flow systems of homogeneous aquifers, and provides important scientific reference for the practical evaluation and remediation of groundwater pollution in nested basins.
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