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CAO Yuanyuan，HU Xinjun，NI Ping，et al. Genesis mechanism of geothermal water in Yinchuan Basin: Constraints from hydrochemistry and isotopes[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（3）：288-303 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250032
Citation: CAO Yuanyuan，HU Xinjun，NI Ping，et al. Genesis mechanism of geothermal water in Yinchuan Basin: Constraints from hydrochemistry and isotopes[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（3）：288-303 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250032
shu

Genesis mechanism of geothermal water in Yinchuan Basin: Constraints from hydrochemistry and isotopes

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250032
  • 1.

    School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

  • 2.

    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Institute of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Autonomous Region Deep Earth Exploration Center), Yinchuan 750001, China

  • 3.

    Team 5 of the Northwest Bureau of China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Zhangye Gansu 734000, China

  • 4.

    College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China

More Information
  • Author Bio:

    E-mail：baiheyueeryuan1@163.com

  • Corresponding author: E-mail：1501758537@qq.com
  • Received Date: 15 Jan 2025
  • Accepted Date: 20 Jun 2025
  • Rev Recd Date: 17 Jun 2025
    • Available Online: 20 Jun 2025
    Abstract
  • Objective 

    Geothermal resources have advantages such as renewability, high energy utilization efficiency, and energy conservation and emission reduction. As an important renewable energy for promoting energy transition and achieving the "double carbon" goals, although the Yinchuan Basin is rich in geothermal reserves, the genesis of its geothermal water remains unclear due to the lack of systematic hydrogeochemical and isotopic research, and their development lacks scientific planning and unified management, which not only slows down the development process of geothermal resources but also seriously hinders the green rapid local economic development.

    Methods 

    This study focused on water samples from typical geothermal wells in the Yinchuan Basin and divided them into western, central, and eastern regions according to their locations. Combined with the regional geological structure background, by analyzing and testing the hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of geothermal water and cold groundwater, the study investigated the geochemical origin, runoff circulation processes, and heat sources of geothermal water in the study area, and analyzed the genesis mechanism of the geothermal system.

    Results 

    The results showed that the main hydrochemical types of geothermal water in this study area were Cl-Na type and Cl·SO4-Na type. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicated that the geothermal water was mainly recharged by atmospheric precipitation, and the recharge elevation ranged from 1616 m to 2964 m. Hydrochemical characteristics, combined with chlorine, strontium, and sulfur isotopes indicated that the material sources of geothermal water were mainly high-temperature conditions of water-rock interaction, rock salt dissolution, and the input of paleo-sedimentary water. Reservoir temperatures in the study area ranged from 78.9 °C to 109.2 °C, and the circulation depths of geothermal water ranged from 3455.4 m to 24794.0 m. The results of ion ratio coefficients and 14C dating showed that geothermal water in the central region had the highest hydrochemical component contents, the longest circulation period, and the greatest circulation depth compared with the western and eastern regions. Based on geothermal water hydrochemical characteristic analysis and quantitative calculation of granite heat production rates, it was calculated that the heat source of the geothermal system in the study area was mainly terrestrial heat flow, excluding magmatic heating and radioactive element decay heating.

    Conclusion 

    This study clarifies the key hydrogeochemical characteristics and genesis mechanism of geothermal resources in the Yinchuan Basin, and establishes a conceptual model of the geothermal system genesis, providing an important theoretical and practical basis for the subsequent scientific and rational development and utilization of geothermal resources and promoting green high-quality economic development in the region.

     

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