| Citation: | LIU Xiaolei，CHENG Guangwei，MENG Xiangshuai，et al. Research progress and prospects of submarine landslide disasters[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（3）：218-235 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250010
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Submarine landslides are a typical form of submarine mass movement occurring in estuarine deltas, shelf slope breaks, and deep-sea continental slopes. Their remarkable fluidity and long-distance migration capacity can cause severe damage to submarine communication cables, oil and gas production facilities, and other critical marine infrastructures, and it has become one of the major geological hazards threatening the safety of marine engineering activities. With the in-depth advancement of marine resource development and the implementation of marine power strategies in coastal countries, marine engineering is rapidly extending from shallow coastal waters to the deep sea, making the prevention and control of submarine landslide disasters an increasingly urgent practical engineering problem. In-depth analysis of the formation mechanisms of submarine landslides and a systematic summary of their research methodologies are the core steps to achieve accurate prediction and effective prevention of such disasters, which is of great practical significance for ensuring the safe operation of marine engineering and the sustainable development of marine resources.
At present, most domestic and foreign studies on submarine landslides focus on the analysis of triggering factors, formation mechanisms, and sedimentary characteristics, while few scholars have conducted a systematic and comprehensive review from the perspective of research methodology. Based on the systematic review and in-depth analysis of the latest research progress at home and abroad, this study firstly elaborates on the geomechanical characteristics, occurrence conditions, and applicable scenarios of two typical formation mechanisms of submarine landslides, namely liquefaction landslide and breach landslide. Then, it focuses on reviewing the development history, technical characteristics, application boundaries, and adaptability of three core research methods for submarine landslide research: Physical model tests (including flume tests, rotating flume tests, and centrifuge tests), numerical simulation (including constitutive models and discrete methods), and field observation and in-situ monitoring (including geophysical surveys and multi-type sensor monitoring). On this basis, the key technical challenges faced by the current research of each method are further analyzed and discussed.
The research results clarify the essential differences and occurrence patterns of the two typical formation mechanisms of submarine landslides, and define the geological conditions suitable for the occurrence of liquefaction landslides and breach landslides, respectively. It systematically summarizes the technical advantages, application scope, and existing limitations of physical model tests, numerical simulation, and field observation methods in submarine landslide research, and reveals the significant complementarity of different research methods in terms of technical characteristics and application scenarios. It is found that a single research method is difficult to fully and accurately characterize the entire process of submarine landslide from initiation and evolution to deposition, and that multi-method collaborative research is the only way to realize all-round and in-depth study of submarine landslides. In addition, the study summarizes the technical development trends of various research methods and identifies the key technical bottlenecks restricting in-depth research on submarine landslides at this stage.
Future research on submarine landslides should focus on four key directions: Carrying out interdisciplinary cooperation to reveal the composite mechanisms of multi-factor coupling in submarine landslides; Developing large-scale and refined physical model testing technologies to improve the similarity between model tests and actual engineering conditions; Integrating high-performance computing and artificial intelligence technologies to innovate numerical simulation methods for submarine landslides and improve simulation accuracy and efficiency; Enhancing multi-scale, all-round, and long-term field observation technologies and in-situ monitoring systems, constructing a comprehensive early warning system for submarine landslide disasters. This study systematically organizes the research framework of submarine landslides from a methodological perspective, which not only deepens the understanding of the formation mechanisms and research methods of submarine landslides, but also provides important technical references and research ideas for the prediction, early warning, and prevention of submarine landslide disasters in marine engineering practice.
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