Source area and sedimentary model of the sandstone in the Third Member of Dongying Formation in main concave, Qikou Sag, Huanghua Depression: Constraints from detrital zircons U-Pb dating

LI Changhai; DONG Xiaowei; SHI Qianru; GUAN Quansheng; ZHANG Jiaoyang; ZHU Huahui; ZHANG Mingzhen; DONG Yueqi; FU Dongli; YANG Fan

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240696

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LI Changhai，DONG Xiaowei，SHI Qianru，et al. Source area and sedimentary model of the sandstone in the Third Member of Dongying Formation in main concave, Qikou Sag, Huanghua Depression: Constraints from detrital zircons U-Pb dating[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（5）：1-17 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240696

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Source area and sedimentary model of the sandstone in the Third Member of Dongying Formation in main concave, Qikou Sag, Huanghua Depression: Constraints from detrital zircons U-Pb dating

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240696

PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company, Tianjin 300280, China

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Corresponding author: E-mail：changhai0912@163.com
Received Date: 18 Nov 2024
Accepted Date: 24 Jun 2025
Rev Recd Date: 04 Jun 2025

Available Online: 24 Jun 2025

Abstract

Abstract

Objective
The Qikou Sag, a significant hydrocarbon-bearing sub-basin within the Bohai Bay Basin of eastern China, has recently witnessed a critical exploration breakthrough. Well HT1, drilled in the main trough, encountered a sandstone reservoir within the Third Member of the Dongying Formation (Ed₃) and achieved commercial oil flow. However, the precise provenance and spatial distribution of this Ed₃ sandstone remain enigmatic. Identifying the sediment source is fundamental to constructing a reliable "source-to-sink" system, which is crucial for predicting the distribution of high-quality reservoirs. This study aims to definitively determine the provenance of the Ed₃ sandstone through detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology and establish a robust sedimentary model to guide exploration.
Methods
To address the provenance question, this study employed laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating on detrital zircons extracted from the Ed₃ sandstone. Zircon is an ideal mineral for provenance analysis due to its high physical and chemical stability, allowing it to survive multiple cycles of erosion and transport while preserving its primary crystallization age. Thus, the age spectrum of detrital zircons in a sedimentary rock serves as a unique fingerprint that can be compared to the age signatures of potential source areas, enabling a direct link between the sediment and its origin.
Results
The U-Pb dating results from the Ed₃ sandstone revealed a characteristic age distribution pattern. The detrital zircon ages cluster into four primary intervals: 2600−2300 Ma (Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic), 1680−2000 Ma (Paleoproterozoic), 300−240 Ma (Permian), and a remarkably dominant peak between 160−100 Ma (Jurassic to Cretaceous). The overwhelming abundance of zircons in the 160−100 Ma range immediately pointed towards a significant contribution from a source region with intense Mesozoic magmatic activity. The zircon age signature of the Cangxian uplift was examined. Its age spectrum is characterized by a strong peak at 300−240 Ma and a relative lack of Mesozoic zircons, presenting a clear mismatch with the Ed₃ sandstone signature and effectively ruling it out as the primary source. In contrast, the Yanshan orogenic belt to the north is a complex tectonic zone with a prolonged magmatic history spanning from the Archean to the Mesozoic. Critically, it is renowned for widespread Jurassic-Cretaceous (Yanshanian) magmatism, with a pronounced age peak precisely between 160 and 100 Ma. The striking similarity between the Ed₃ zircon age pattern and the magmatic record of the Yanshan belt provides compelling evidence that the latter served as the principal provenance for the sandstone. Previous studies indicate that the Yanshan orogenic belt experienced significant Cenozoic uplift, coeval with the deposition of the Ed₃, creating a well-defined mountain-basin system. Several major paleo-rivers, such as the Paleo-Yongding River, Paleo-Chaobai River, and Paleo-Luan River, are interpreted to have acted as efficient sediment conduits. These rivers eroded the Mesozoic granitic rocks of the Yanshan belt and transported the detritus southward over long distances into the Qikou Sag.
Conclusions
This study successfully resolves the provenance of the Ed₃ sandstone in the main trough of the Qikou Sag. Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology unequivocally identifies the northern Yanshan orogenic belt as the primary source, excluding the nearby Cangxian uplift. The construction of the "remote source, channelized transport, deep-trough deposition" model has profound implications for exploration. It validates the existence of high-quality sandstone reservoirs in the deep troughs formed by long-distance transport systems. Consequently, future exploration efforts should prioritize mapping the paleo-drainage pathways that funneled sediments from the Yanshan belt into the main trough of the Qikou Sag. This model significantly reduces exploration risk in the deep plays of the depression and provides a valuable analog for searching for similar subtle reservoirs in other continental rift basins worldwide.
- detrital zircon,
- U-Pb age dating,
- Qikou Sag,
- sedimentation model,
- source

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References(43)

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Source area and sedimentary model of the sandstone in the Third Member of Dongying Formation in main concave, Qikou Sag, Huanghua Depression: Constraints from detrital zircons U-Pb dating

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240696

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Source area and sedimentary model of the sandstone in the Third Member of Dongying Formation in main concave, Qikou Sag, Huanghua Depression: Constraints from detrital zircons U-Pb dating

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