| Citation: | WANG Siqi，PAN Yi，WAN Junwei，et al. Numerical simulation study of pipeline type karst water system based on TOPMODEL and MODFLOW-CFP models[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（1）：1-15 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240101
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External water is a common source of supply for the Southwest karst groundwater system. The rapid and concentrated supply of external water can lead to a unique response in the water cycle of karst groundwater systems. The investigation, monitoring, and numerical simulation methods for this special supply in karst water systems are still not fully developed.
This study aims to investigate the numerical simulation method of karst water systems under external water recharge.
Taking the Ganxi Yuquan Cave karst water system in Enshi, Hubei as the research subject, a thorough investigation of the hydrogeological characteristics and supply methods of the karst water system was conducted. Underground water tracing tests and high-resolution monitoring of rainfall-surface-subsurface runoff dynamics were carried out. The MODFLOW-CFP numerical model was used to represent the dual medium characteristics of karst fissures and conduits. Focusing on the concentrated inflow of external water from non-karst areas at the entrance of karst conduits, the surface water model TOPMODEL was used to quantitatively characterize the production and exchange processes of external water from non-karst areas. This was set as the flow boundary condition at the entrance of the karst conduit in the MODFLOW-CFP model, achieving the coupling of surface and groundwater models, thereby improving the accuracy of representing external water in the MODFLOW-CFP model.
The research results show that when the coupled TOPMODEL and MODFLOW-CFP model is used to simulate the discharge at the outlet of the Ganxi Yuquan Cave karst water system, the relative peak errors compared to the measured values range from 0.7% to 19.7%, the peak lag time is within 3 hours, the correlation coefficient (
These findings indicate that the coupled TOPMODEL and MODFLOW-CFP model developed in this study has practical value for simulating the rainfall-hydrological response of karst water systems with external water supply.
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