| Citation: | TANG Di，PEI Jianxiang，ZHAO Jun，et al. Logging identification and saturation estimation method for hydrate gas reservoirs in the deep and ultra shallow layers of the South China Sea[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（6）：1-13 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240082
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In marine natural gas hydrate exploration, gas-hydrate-bearing layers-simultaneously contain natural gas hydrates and shallow gas-exhibit highly complex electrical logging responses. This complexity poses significant challenges for both qualitative identification and quantitative evaluation.
To address this issue, this study fully leverages the differential responses of multiple geophysical logging methods to hydrate and shallow gas occurrences and proposes a novel joint inversion approach that fuses sonic and resistivity logging from various sources to improve the accuracy of gas-hydrate-bearing layer saturation calculations. Guided by the “synchronous increase and decrease” logging response characteristics of gas-hydrate-bearing layers in ultra-shallow unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs of the South China Sea, reservoir intervals were comprehensively selected to feature low natural gamma, low shale content, high porosity, and stable-thickness sandy formations. Qualitative identification was performed using porosity difference, neutron density crossover, and shear modulus methods. The neutron-density crossplot technique was employed to determine porosity, and by incorporating gas saturation into the three-phase Biot equation and Archie's formula, a cyclic iterative inversion method was used to simultaneously estimate P-wave velocity and resistivity, optimizing joint error minimization to derive the saturation of gas-hydrate-bearing layers.
Within the identified reservoir intervals, gas-hydrate-bearing layers can be effectively distinguished by combining hydrocarbon or hydrate indicators from absolute resistivity values and the synthetic resistivity curve overlap method, neutron-density crossplots for shallow gas indications, and elevated shear-modulus values relative to the background. The joint inversion method integrating sonic and resistivity logging is feasible and reliable for calculating gas-hydrate-bearing layer saturation. Applied to Well Z in Block L, the joint inversion yielded an 81.25% match with core-derived saturation. For Well Y in Block L, agreement between the joint inversion results and independent hydrate or shallow gas saturation models was approximately 85%.
The study provides critical insights into the identification and estimation of the saturation of in-situ gas-hydrate-bearing layers, offering a solid technical foundation for the refined assessment of hydrate resources in deepwater environments.
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