| Citation: | YIN Zheng，CHEN Qingxiang，HE Jianbo，et al. Spatial characteristics and genetic mechanisms of geothermal resources in the Zhangye Basin based on multi-source fusion modeling and heat-flow coupling simulations[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（5）：3-12 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230590
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The traditional temperature-pressure field analysis method relies heavily on the interpolation of existing borehole data, failing to accurately characterize the coupled seepage-heat transfer processes in geothermal systems. This limitation hinders a comprehensive understanding of genetic mechanisms of geothermal resources.
To address these issues, we constructed a high-precision three-dimensional geological model of the Zhangye Basin by integrating multi-source datasets (borehole information, geophysical data, and digital elevation models). Our integrated approach improved the stratigraphic accuracy between boreholes by 50–300 m compared to conventional interpolation models.Numerical simulations of coupled seepage-heat transfer processes based on the 3D geological model indicated that, compared with the traditional key-node spatial interpolation method, the multi-field coupling analysis more reasonably revealed the temperature and pressure characteristics of the reservoir in the study area. The results showed that in the study area, the geothermal hydraulic head is relatively high in the southeastern part of the basin center and gradually decreases toward the northwest, indicating an overall southeast-to-northwest seepage pattern. Groundwater was recharged into the reservoir through faults and became fully heated by the geothermal field during seepage. As the reservoir depth decreased and the caprock thinned, heat was gradually lost, resulting in a temperature field characterized by higher values in the middle and lower values around the margins, with a central temperature reaching up to 78 °C. A three-dimensional geothermal conceptual model was subsequently developed, which comprehensively interpreted the genetic mechanism of geothermal resources in the basin by integrating structural, hydrogeological, and geothermal geological conditions. Compared with previous two-dimensional models, the three-dimensional conceptual model and the coupled heat–fluid analysis method developed in this study more accurately describe the spatial distribution characteristics of geothermal resources and provide a more reasonable explanation for their genetic mechanisms.
The results reveal the southeast-to-northwest groundwater flow within the reservoir and the genetic mechanism underlying the rhombic-lobate distribution of geothermal resources in the basin. These findings provide a theoretical framework for targeting high-enthalpy geothermal reservoirs and optimizing sustainable exploitation strategies.
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