Research progress on remediation technologies for aniline-contaminated sites

LIU Yuansheng; WANG Ying; WANG Yue; LI Yajun; YAN Guokai

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb202606030

Volume 45 Issue 5

Oct. 2026

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Article Navigation > Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology > 2026 > 45(5): 271-284

LIU Yuansheng，WANG Ying，WANG Yue，et al. Research progress on remediation technologies for aniline-contaminated sites[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（5）：271-284 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb202606030

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Research progress on remediation technologies for aniline-contaminated sites

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb202606030

LIU Yuansheng^{1a, 1b, 2
,},
WANG Ying^{1a, 1b},
WANG Yue^{1a, 1b, 3
,
,},
LI Yajun^{1a, 1b},
YAN Guokai^{1a, 1b}

1a.
Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Technology
1b.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100020, China
2.
Faculty of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
3.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：13051127797@163.com
Corresponding author: E-mail: yuewanggg@126.com
Received Date: 17 Jun 2026
Accepted Date: 26 Jun 2026
Rev Recd Date: 18 Jun 2026

Available Online: 30 Jun 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Significance
Aniline is a highly toxic, recalcitrant, and stable semi-volatile organic compound (SVOC) of great environmental concern. It is primarily discharged via industrial manufacturing of dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and rubber additives, and agricultural practices involving aniline-based herbicide application also contribute to environmental aniline accumulation. Classified as a priority pollutant in the United States and the European Union, aniline has also been included in China's List of Toxic and Hazardous Water Pollutants (Batch 2), owing to its carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic risks to human health and ecosystems. Due to its environmental persistence, complicated multi-media migration and transformation processes and heterogeneous spatial distribution in subsurface environments, effective remediation of aniline-contaminated soil and groundwater remains a prominent bottleneck in modern environmental restoration practices.
Progress
Based on bibliometric analysis of publications retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection spanning from 2005 to 2024, this review systematically synthesizes the sources of aniline pollution, environmental characteristics of contaminated sites, and the development status of detection and analysis technologies, and summarizes the applicable boundaries of various remediation technologies.
Conclusion and Prospect
Building on these fundamental analyses, a tiered concentration-driven remediation framework is established to support targeted technology selection for different pollution levels. For high-concentration zones (soil aniline mass fraction >1500 mg/kg; groundwater aniline mass concentration >1000 mg/L), source reduction and groundwater plume containment should be prioritized by adopting integrated physicochemical remediation techniques including thermal desorption, chemical oxidation/reduction, soil washing, soil vapor extraction, and groundwater pump-and-treat systems to rapidly reduce contaminant loads and mitigate persistent secondary release risks. For medium-concentration zones (soil aniline mass fraction: (260, 1500] mg/kg; groundwater aniline mass concentration: (100, 1000] mg/L), hydraulic and reactive barrier facilities such as cutoff walls and permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are recommended to block plume migration and promote natural contaminant attenuation. For low-concentration zones (soil aniline mass fraction ≤260 mg/kg; groundwater aniline mass concentration ≤100 mg/L), low-intervention strategies including microbial remediation, phytoremediation, and monitored natural attenuation (MNA) are preferred to achieve long-term risk control. Critical bottlenecks restricting real-world remediation performance are further elaborated. Key challenges include excessive project costs, unsatisfactory removal efficiency under complex geologic conditions, and prominent gaps between laboratory-scale experimental observations and field-scale engineering applications. Many bioremediation approaches show promising laboratory performance yet fail under high-aniline-load field conditions due to microbial inhibition. Finally, prospective research directions are proposed, covering the development of high-performance remediation materials, performance optimization of multi-technology coupled remediation frameworks, and construction of green-oriented sustainable remediation workflows for aniline-affected sites. This study can serve as a theoretical basis and practical technical reference for risk evaluation, technical screening, and precision remediation of aniline-contaminated sites across diverse hydrogeological settings.
- aniline,
- contaminated site,
- remediation technology,
- permeable reactive barrier,
- microbial remediation,
- contaminant plume

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References(85)

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Research progress on remediation technologies for aniline-contaminated sites

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