Joint mercury intrusion porosimetry-NMR evaluation and sweet spot identification of high-clay siltstone interlayers: A case study of Well PⅡ in Qing-1 Member, Gulong Depression

SHI Huanshan; HU Wangshui; LI Tao; LI Yibo; LI Shanshan; XIU Jingze

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb202605039

Volume 45 Issue 5

Oct. 2026

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Article Navigation > Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology > 2026 > 45(5): 95-111

SHI Huanshan，HU Wangshui，LI Tao，et al. Joint mercury intrusion porosimetry-NMR evaluation and sweet spot identification of high-clay siltstone interlayers: A case study of Well PⅡ in Qing-1 Member, Gulong Depression[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（5）：95-111 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb202605039

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Joint mercury intrusion porosimetry-NMR evaluation and sweet spot identification of high-clay siltstone interlayers: A case study of Well PⅡ in Qing-1 Member, Gulong Depression

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb202605039

SHI Huanshan^{1a, 1b
,},
HU Wangshui^{1a, 1b},
LI Tao^{1a, 1b
,
,},
LI Yibo^{2, 3},
LI Shanshan^{1a, 1b},
XIU Jingze^{1a, 1b}

1a.
School of Geosciences
1b.
Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
2.
Sinopec Gas Storage Branch, Zhengzhou 450001, China
3.
School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

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Author Bio:
E-mail：13288014@qq.com
Corresponding author: E-mail：ltm817@163.com
Received Date: 19 Nov 2025
Accepted Date: 26 May 2026
Rev Recd Date: 19 May 2026

Available Online: 22 Jun 2026

Abstract

Abstract

Objective
Continental interlayer-type shale oil in China has become a critical strategic resource for increasing reserves and production. High-clay siltstone interlayers in the First Member of Qingshankou Formation (Qing-1 Member) of Gulong Depression, Songliao Basin, are important carriers of shale-oil micro-migration and local accumulation. Nevertheless, controlled jointly by clay minerals, fine throats, and heterogeneity in pore-throat connectivity, high-clay siltstone interlayers within shale-oil sequences commonly show distinct oil-bearing characteristics but poor fluid mobility. Existing studies lack quantitative coupling relationships between pore-throat parameters derived from high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and fluid-mobility indicators obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for such high-clay interlayers, and sweet spot classification still largely relies on empirical judgment. This study targets high-clay siltstone interlayers of the Qing-1 Member in the Gulong Depression, Songliao Basin. Under the constraints of the same well and identical lithofacies, this study aims to clarify the intrinsic relationship between pore-throat structure and fluid mobility, establish a quantitative sweet spot identification criterion, and mitigate misjudgment risks caused by merely using oil-bearing indicators for reservoir evaluation.
Methods
Ten groups of paired core samples from Well PⅡ were collected, and the mineral difference index (MDI)≤15% was used to ensure mineralogical comparability between MIP and NMR subsamples. Integrated laboratory tests, including high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry, two-dimensional NMR under original oil-bearing conditions, and centrifugal NMR after oil washing and simulated formation-water saturation, were conducted to obtain key parameters such as median pore-throat radius r₅₀, sorting coefficient σ, mercury withdrawal efficiency, transverse relaxation time T₂ cutoff value, movable-fluid saturation S_MF, and saturated-state geometric mean of T₂. A composite movable-oil index (CMOI=S_o×S_MF/100) was constructed to jointly characterize the contributions of both oil-bearing characteristics and fluid mobility. Based on micro-scale computed tomography (CT) scanning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, microscopic mechanisms of throat narrowing and pore-throat connectivity impairment induced by clay film coating and bridging infill were revealed to explain the statistical patterns observed in the macroscopic experiments.
Results
For high-clay siltstone interlayers, pore-throat parameters from MIP showed significant correlations with NMR mobility indicators. With increasing clay content, r₅₀ decreased, while S_MF, CMOI, and the saturated-state geometric mean of T₂ decreased simultaneously. Affected by clay-bound water, the T₂ cutoff value was not suitable for cross-sample comparison. Instead, the saturated-state geometric mean of T₂ was more suitable for characterizing differences in sample mobility. Based on the analysis of well-interval samples, a empirical sweet spot identification combination was proposed: r₅₀>0.4 μm, S_MF>40% and CMOI≥20%. Four evaluation zones (Type A-D) were further defined on the S_MF-r₅₀ cross-plot. The samples occurred only in types A, B, and D, with no Type-C samples observed. Type-B samples were characterized by large pore-throat sizes but limited mobility, reflecting the reservoir characteristics of "large pore-throat size does not guarantee high mobility".
Conclusion
Constrained by the sample size and sampling scope, the proposed identification criteria are only applicable to the same-lithofacies interval of the Qing-1 Member within Well PⅡ. Further sample expansion and verification are required for threshold calibration. The joint discrimination scheme combining CMOI and S_MF-r₅₀ can effectively distinguish oil-bearing reservoirs with limited mobility, and it can be applied to relative ranking and sweet spot classification of analogous siltstone interlayers within this well interval.
- Qing-1 Member, Gulong Depression,
- high-clay siltstone interlayer,
- composite movable-oil index,
- sweet spot identification,
- shale oil,
- mercury intrusion porosimetry-NMR

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References(47)

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Joint mercury intrusion porosimetry-NMR evaluation and sweet spot identification of high-clay siltstone interlayers: A case study of Well PⅡ in Qing-1 Member, Gulong Depression

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Joint mercury intrusion porosimetry-NMR evaluation and sweet spot identification of high-clay siltstone interlayers: A case study of Well PⅡ in Qing-1 Member, Gulong Depression

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