| Citation: | HAI Lianfu，CHAI Deliang，MA Zhanlong，et al. Integrated prospecting prediction model for gold-polymetallic deposits in Xihuashan area, Ningxia: Insights from multi-source geological-geophysical-geochemical-remote sensing data[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（4）：1-21 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb202512011
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Located in the eastern segment of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, the Xihuashan area is a key metallogenic zone in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, characterized by favorable geological conditions and densely distributed gold-polymetallic mineralization. A number of small-scale gold-polymetallic deposits, mineralized occurrences, and integrated geophysical-geochemical anomalies have been discovered in this region over previous exploration works. Nevertheless, prior studies have mainly focused on the genetic analysis and basic geological characteristics of individual deposits, failing to systematically summarize regional ore-controlling regularities. In addition, traditional exploration relies on single technical methods rather than integrated approaches, leading to a low degree of overall exploration and the absence of significant prospecting breakthroughs for a long time.
Based on comprehensive collation of historical exploration data and detailed field geological surveys, this study systematically analyzed the dominant ore-controlling factors of local gold-polymetallic deposits. Multiple geoscientific technologies were adopted in this study, including 1∶
The analytical results revealed that regional gold-polymetallic mineralization was jointly controlled by tectonics, stratigraphy, and magmatic activities. A three-tier fault system dominated ore localization. The first-order NW-striking regional faults acted as major ore-transporting channels, the secondary NNW-striking faults controlled ore distribution, and the third-order NW-NWW striking interlayer fractures were the primary ore-hosting spaces. Faults and folds formed synchronously under a regional compressional tectonic regime, and the reactivation of first-order faults in the late stage caused damage to pre-existing ore bodies. Stratigraphically, the Tiandushan Formation served as the optimal host stratum for gold deposits, and the Bojizhang Formation was the favorable horizon for copper mineralization. Caledonian magmatism activity provided abundant ore-forming materials, hydrothermal fluids, and thermal power for the entire mineralization process. IP surveys at a scale of 1∶5 000 in the Liugou area revealed that all anomalies were characterized by high chargeability. The high-resistivity and high-chargeability anomalies were closely associated with shallow mineralized veins and alteration zones, whereas the low-resistivity and high-chargeability anomalies indicated deep-seated sulfide enrichment and active structural-hydrothermal fluid migration. The 1∶50 000 stream sediment geochemical survey delineated two large-scale and high-intensity composite geochemical anomalies: Au-Cu-Ag-As-Mo and Pb-Au-As-Ag. Hyperspectral remote sensing data from WV-3, processed by PCA, successfully identified three typical alteration anomalies including hydroxyl group anomalies, carbonatization anomalies, and iron-staining anomalies, which showed excellent spatial correlation with known deposits and mineralized outcrops in the study area. Integrating all multi-source geological, geophysical, geochemical, and remote sensing information, a total of five prospecting targets are delineated in this study, consisting of three Class I high-priority targets and two Class II potential targets. The three Class I targets are the core areas for prospecting orogenic gold-polymetallic deposits, which correspond to two typical elemental assemblages of Au-Cu-Ag-As-Mo and Pb-Au-As-Ag, respectively. The Class II targets also possess favorable metallogenic conditions and considerable prospecting potential. Field verification using rock geochemical profiles demonstrates that geochemical anomalies have a clear and positive correlation with underground and surface mineralization. The findings prove that the delineation of prospecting targets is scientifically sound and reliable.
This integrated research model and target evaluation results can provide solid theoretical support and practical guidance for further regional mineral exploration, deep ore prospecting, and engineering deployment in the Xihuashan area.
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