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WANG Yun，CHEN Feifei，SHEN Yanshen，et al. Experimental study on deformation and failure process of No. 1 landslide in Machi Village under rainfall conditions in mountainous area of western Hubei[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（5）：1-20 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250271
Citation: WANG Yun，CHEN Feifei，SHEN Yanshen，et al. Experimental study on deformation and failure process of No. 1 landslide in Machi Village under rainfall conditions in mountainous area of western Hubei[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（5）：1-20 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250271
shu

Experimental study on deformation and failure process of No. 1 landslide in Machi Village under rainfall conditions in mountainous area of western Hubei

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250271

  • Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

  • The Seventh Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Wuhan 443111, China

  • Geological Environmental Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Eco-Environment Geology, Wuhan 430034, China

More Information
  • Author Bio:

    E-mail：wangyun1@cug.edu.cn

  • Corresponding author: E-mail：zhangguangc@cug.edu.cn
  • Received Date: 14 Jun 2025
  • Accepted Date: 14 Oct 2025
  • Rev Recd Date: 24 Sep 2025
    • Available Online: 16 Oct 2025
    Abstract
  • Objective 

    Large-scale colluvial landslides are widely distributed in mountainous areas of western Hubei, and slope deformation evolution is closely coupled with the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall. Existing related studies mostly focus on single rainfall intensity or short-term monitoring data, lacking systematic comparative research on different rainfall peak patterns and quantitative sensitivity differentiation of multi-geomechanical parameters. This study aims to reveal the response patterns of colluvial slope deformation and evolutionary process under four typical rainfall patterns, and quantitatively identify the sensitivity ranking of various influencing factors to landslide stability.

    Methods 

    Taking No. 1 colluvial landslide in Machi Village of Shiyan City as the research prototype, a geometrically scaled indoor physical model was established based on similarity theory. Four rainfall scenarios (early-peak, mid-peak, flat-peak, and late-peak rainfall) were set up to reproduce the full deformation and failure process of the landslide. On the basis of model test data, orthogonal design combined with analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted to distinguish the dominant controlling factors of slope stability.

    Results 

    The results showed that: ① The influence of the four rainfall patterns on pore water pressure in the landslide soil was mainly reflected in the timing of the peak pore water pressure, which varied with the position of the rainfall peak. The earlier the rainfall peak occurred, the earlier the peak pore water pressure appeared. Moreover, the late-peak rainfall pattern induced a relatively larger failure zone and exhibited a stronger disaster-causing effect. ② Under different rainfall patterns, the slope model began to deform primarily from the middle section, first undergoing creep deformation, followed by step-like deformation, and eventually complete failure. ③ ANOVA based on orthogonal tests indicated that the sensitivity of factors affecting the overall stability of the No. 1 landslide in Machi Village decreased in the following order: internal friction angle (φ) > cohesion (c) > cumulative rainfall (T) > permeability coefficient (Ks) > unit weight of slip zone soil (γ) > rainfall pattern (Q). The cohesion (c) and internal friction angle (φ) of the slip zone soil are the key shear strength parameters for evaluating landslide stability. ④ For the local front edge of the landslide, the permeability coefficient (Ks) was an important factor affecting stability, whereas for the overall landslide, cumulative rainfall (T) played a more critical role.

    Conclusion 

    The No. 1 landslide in Machi Village is a typical rainfall-induced retrogressive landslide, and late-peak rainfall has the strongest disaster-causing effect. The integrated research framework combining physical model observation, deformation evolution analysis, and multi-factor ANOVA sensitivity quantification proposed in this study has high accuracy and practicability. The research findings can provide theoretical support for deformation monitoring and emergency response of similar colluvial landslides in the mountainous areas of western Hubei.

     

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