| Citation: | FENG Ye，ZHANG Xinghua，CHANG Dan. Direct shear mechanical properties and discrete element numerical simulation of saline soil stabilized with ionic additives and inorganic materials[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（5）：1-14 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250256
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Saline soil widely distributed in Northwest China suffers from unfavorable geotechnical behaviors including collapsibility, salt heaving, and corrosivity, which can easily induce deformation and failure of subgrade and foundation infrastructures. Conventional inorganic stabilization using lime–fly ash tends to cause relatively high environmental burdens. Moreover, the mesoscopic failure mechanisms of saline soil improved by ionic soil stabilizer (ISS) combined with inorganic binders remain poorly understood. This study aims to explore cost-effective and environmentally friendly composite stabilization techniques and clarify the macro-meso mechanical response mechanisms of stabilized saline soil under shear loading. The findings are of great theoretical and practical significance for saline soil engineering in seasonally frozen regions.
In this study, subsulfate saline soil sampled from Yongdeng, Gansu Province was stabilized by the combined addition of ISS, lime, and fly ash. Four ISS contents (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% by mass of dry soil) were designed for specimen preparation. Laboratory direct shear tests were performed under normal stresses of 50 kPa, 100 kPa, and 150 kPa to analyze the macroscopic shear mechanical properties of stabilized specimens. The three-dimensional discrete element software PFC3D was adopted to establish numerical specimens. A linear parallel-bonded contact model was utilized, and mesoscopic input parameters were calibrated against laboratory test curves to reproduce real-world shear responses. The evolution patterns of particle displacement and contact force chains during shearing were revealed at the mesoscopic scale, and the progressive breakage of cementation bonds during shearing was quantitatively monitored.
The test results demonstrated that ISS addition remarkably improved the shear resistance of lime–fly ash stabilized saline soil. All specimens exhibited typical brittle failure characteristics. The shear strength of stabilized soil rose first and then declined with increasing ISS content, reaching its peak at an ISS content of 6%. Excessive ISS addition above this threshold induced strength degradation. Cohesion also followed a similar trend of initial increase followed by decrease. Discrete element simulation results indicated that the internal contact force chains of specimens underwent reconstruction during shearing, and cementation bonds near the shear plane broke progressively as shear displacement accumulated. The evolution of the mesoscopic damage factor was divided into three successive phases: stable development, exponential growth, and gradual stabilization.
ISS affects the strength of stabilized saline soil by altering the thickness of water films on soil particle surfaces and regulating the coverage degree of hydration products. A mesoscopic damage factor formula considering cementation bond breakage is proposed according to the ratio of broken bonds to initial total bonds. This formula can well characterize the shear-induced damage evolution of ISS–lime–fly ash stabilized saline soil. This study deepens the understanding of macro-meso coupling mechanisms for composite-stabilized saline soil and offers reference data for the practical application of ISS–inorganic combined stabilization in saline soil sites.
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