| Citation: | ZHANG Shuntao，ZHANG Qiang，PENG Haiyou，et al. Three-dimensional calculation method for sliding stability of unstable rocks with steeply inclined fractures at rear edge[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（4）：1-11 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250158
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The stability coefficient of unstable rocks is a critical metric for assessing rockfall hazards. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional models, which fail to account for three-dimensional (3D) geometric characteristics and the synergistic effects of multiple fractures, often result in substantial errors in the calculation of stability coefficients.
In this study, a 3D stability calculation model for sliding unstable rocks with steeply inclined fractures at the rear edge was developed based on the theory of limit equilibrium. Additionally, a calculation method for the water pressure acting on unstable rocks under the influence of multiple groups of rear-edge fractures in 3D space, along with a calculation method for the uplift force on the sliding surface of unstable rocks in 3D spatial configurations, was proposed. The model was applied to the Dazhaokou unstable rocks in Fuling District, Chongqing, and the differences between the 3D and 2D model calculations were compared and analyzed.
The results indicate that the 3D model could accurately characterize the irregular geometry of the unstable rocks and the hydro-mechanical coupling effects of multiple fractures. Under heavy rainfall conditions, the stability coefficient calculated for both fractures filled with water (case ⑦) was 5.04% lower than that for single fracture filled with water (case ③). Numerical simulation validation demonstrated that the discrepancy between the 3D limit equilibrium method and the strength reduction method was about 0.4%. The shape of unstable rocks significantly influences stability. Except for regular cubic shapes, 3D analysis methods are required in most cases to ensure assessment accuracy.
This research provides theoretical and technical support for accurate stability assessment of sliding unstable rocks under complex conditions.
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