| Citation: | LI Hao，HUA Weihua，WEI Wencheng，et al. 3D geological modeling method for Quaternary strata based on stratigraphic penetration and layer connections[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（4）：1-11 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250147
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The Quaternary strata are widely developed in urban areas. They exhibit complex sedimentary characteristics, including frequent sedimentary cycles, multiple interbedded lens bodies, and laterally disordered distribution. Traditional 3D geological modeling methods rely heavily on fixed stratigraphic sequences and struggle to handle discontinuous lens bodies, disordered layer connections, and locally inverted strata, leading to distorted interfaces, illogical connectivity, and low modeling accuracy. These limitations severely restrict the digital management of urban underground space and intelligent early warning of geological hazards.
To tackle these key technical bottlenecks, this study proposed an improved 3D geological modeling method for Quaternary strata based on stratigraphic penetration-driven layer correlation. Driven by borehole data, this method first automatically identified three types of lens bodies, including simple, nested, and top/bottom lens bodies, and conducted spatial clustering under the constraints of relative elevation difference and lens body thickness to eliminate local discontinuity interference. Guided by expert geological knowledge, a "major layer-sub-layer-sub-sub-layer" hierarchical system was constructed. With stratigraphic penetration as the core index, strata with high penetration were prioritized for standardized coding to realize the unification of stratigraphic sequences including those with inverted structures. On this basis, the stratigraphic pinch-out boundary was calculated using the angular unconformity pinch-out coefficient, and a stratigraphic partition model was constructed. Finally, a smooth and topologically consistent 3D geological grid model was established via thin-plate spline interpolation, and clustered lens bodies were embedded into the framework model to restore real sedimentary structures.
A case study was conducted using 102 engineering boreholes in the Zhongguancun area of Beijing to verify the method. The results showed that profiles extracted from the established 3D model were highly consistent with manual geological profiles. All lens body structures were automatically and accurately identified. The stratigraphic connection error rate decreased by 67%, and the geological interface agreement rate increased to 92%. The method effectively avoided unreasonable layer connections and redundant zero-thickness layers caused by loose Quaternary sediments.
This approach can intelligently identify lens bodies and accurately unify stratigraphic sequences, significantly improving the accuracy and rationality of 3D modeling for complex Quaternary strata. It provides reliable and high-precision geological model support for urban underground space development, intelligent early warning of geological disasters, and engineering survey and design, and has important theoretical value and broad application prospects for international urban geological digitalization.
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