| Citation: | WANG Ke，WU Qinghua，YANG Ye. Experimental study on inhibition of rainfall infiltration into slopes by different dual-structure capillary barrier layers[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2026，45（3）：1-10 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250009
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Soil slopes are prone to crack development under the cyclic effects of rainfall and evaporation, which causes rainfall to infiltrate into the soil, reduce the mechanical properties of soil mass, and further induce slope instability. Currently, the mainstream slope protection measures mainly rely on surface hardening technologies, which are susceptible to cracking and failure during long-term operation, leading to re-infiltration of rainfall and failing to achieve long-term stable protection of slopes. Under the background of integrating slope disaster prevention with ecological civilization construction and following the principle of ecological priority, this study proposes a slope protection method that inhibits rainfall infiltration by using a fine/coarse-grained unsaturated capillary barrier layer (CBL) with ecological functions, seepage prevention, and drainage capabilities, aiming to block rainfall infiltration from the source and provide a new technical approach for ecological restoration and stability control of soil slopes.
To reveal the influence of CBL lithologic structure and rainfall intensity on the regulation of rainfall infiltration patterns and slope protection performance, a series of indoor physical model tests were conducted, with the combination of CBL lithology and rainfall intensity as the key test variables. Specifically, two typical rainfall intensities (1.93×10−4, 4.73×10−4 cm/s) were set, and four CBL lithologic structure combinations (sub-sandy soil/coarse sand, sub-sandy soil/gravel sand, sub-sandy soil/breccia, sub-sandy soil/gravel) were designed. The tests systematically monitored the wetting front migration process, drainage initiation time, stable drainage intensity, and cumulative drainage volume of CBL under different working conditions, and quantitatively analyzed the effects of coarse-grained layer particle size, particle morphology, and rainfall intensity on the water migration characteristics and drainage efficiency of CBL.
The results showed that: ① rainfall mainly moved in the form of uniform flow in the fine-grained layer, and the migration velocity increased with the increase of particle size of the coarse-grained layer, which was significantly affected by the particle morphology of the coarse-grained layer. When rainfall infiltrated to the fine/coarse-grained layer interface, the water migrated to the slope toe along the interface driven by both gravity and matrix suction. After the rainfall broke through the fine/coarse-grained layer interface, it continued to move in the form of uniform flow in the coarse sand and gravel sand layers, while it moved in the form of preferential flow in the breccia and gravel layers, and the degree of preferential flow was enhanced with the increase of particle size of the coarse-grained layer. ② The stable drainage efficiency of CBL (the ratio of stable drainage intensity to rainfall intensity) decreased with the increase of rainfall intensity. At high rainfall intensity, it showed a slight increase with the increase of particle size of the coarse-grained layer, but the amplitude of increase was limited. The comprehensive drainage efficiency of CBL (the ratio of total lateral drainage to total rainfall) increased with the increase of both particle size of the coarse-grained layer and rainfall intensity, and the growth rate decreased more significantly with the increase of rainfall intensity. ③ The particle morphology of the coarse-grained layer had a pronounced effect on the rainfall-blocking performance of CBL. The sub-sandy soil/breccia CBL exhibited the optimal performance in inhibiting rainfall infiltration into the slope, effectively preventing rainfall from infiltrating into the slope clay layer within the range of test rainfall intensities, with the stable drainage efficiency reaching 96.74% under low rainfall intensity and 92.81% under high rainfall intensity, and the comprehensive drainage efficiency reaching 82.42% and 98.41% respectively under the two rainfall intensities.
This study reveals the intrinsic mechanism of rainfall infiltration inhibition by dual-structure CBL and clarifies the optimal lithologic combination form of CBL for slope protection. Its innovation lies in the systematic exploration of the coupling effects of coarse-grained layer particle size, particle morphology, and rainfall intensity on the performance of CBL, as well as the verification of the superior seepage prevention and drainage performance of the angular particle breccia-based CBL through quantitative physical model tests. The research findings provide important theoretical reference and technical support for the stability control and ecological protection engineering design of soil slopes, and can also be applied to the fields of energy storage leakage prevention, environmental restoration, and ecological governance.
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