| Citation: | WANG Peiyuan，TONG Man，ZHANG Peng. Patterns and mechanisms of sediment charging and discharging driven by groundwater level fluctuations[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，45（0）：1-10 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240788
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Electron transfer is fundamental to biogeochemical reactions in subsurface environments. Sediments act as key electron reservoirs capable of cyclic electron storage and release under groundwater level fluctuations, thereby significantly influencing material transformation and elemental cycling. However, the patterns and mechanisms governing sediment charging and discharging driven by groundwater level fluctuations remain poorly understood.
In this study, a one-dimensional soil column system was developed to simulate the groundwater fluctuation zone. The patterns and mechanisms of sediment charging and discharging driven by groundwater level fluctuations were investigated using a combination of chemical analyses, iron mineral speciation, and molecular biological techniques.
The results showed that under short-cycle fluctuation conditions, sediments completed two charging-discharging cycles, with maximum charge/discharge capacities of 2.3, 8 μmol e−·g−1, and peak rates of 0.577, 2.012 μmol e−·g−1·d−1, respectively. The electron donating capacity (EDC) of the sediments was mainly contributed by adsorbed, ion-exchangeable, and highly reactive weakly crystalline Fe(Ⅱ). Water level fluctuations drove microbial Fe(Ⅲ) reduction followed by chemical Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation, thereby enabling sediment charging and discharging cycles. However, repeated redox cycles reduced the bioavailability of iron oxides, ultimately hindering sustained electron storage and release. The introduction of the electron shuttle anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) significantly increased the initial charging and discharging rate but also accelerated the decline in Fe(Ⅲ) bioavailability, resulting in a gradual decrease in the charging and discharging rate and the cessation of cycling after the third cycle. In contrast, the addition of sodium lactate, as an electron donor, significantly enriched the iron-reducing bacterium
This study reveals the variation patterns and regulatory mechanisms of sediment charging and discharging behaviors under different groundwater level fluctuation regimes, providing new strategies for groundwater pollution prevention and control.
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