| Citation: | ZHANG Xingui，JIANG Zhenyan，LAN Riyan，et al. An indoor experimental on the initiation mechanism and precursor characteristics of dangerous rock failure on slopes based on acoustic and visual monitoring[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（3）：1-16 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240632
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In order to effectively predict and prevent dangerous rock failure and ensure the safety of highway transportation.
This paper carries out indoor modeling tests on the initiation of dangerous rock failure under four different working conditions by means of joint monitoring of acoustic emission and video, and combines the evolution characteristics of acoustic emission signals in the time, frequency, and time-frequency domains, as well as the temporal and spatial characteristics of video images, to study and analyze the initiation mechanism and precursor characteristics of the process of dangerous rock failure under a variety of different influencing factors.
The study and analysis of the initiation mechanism and precursor characteristics of the process of dangerous rock failure under a variety of different influencing factors were carried out, and the results showed that, in terms of the initiation mechanism, the main controlling factors of dangerous rock failure include the shift of the center of gravity of dangerous rock, the decrease of the adhesion between dangerous rock and slope surface, and the increase of the overall downward sliding force of the dangerous rock of the slope and the increase of the limit of the anti-sliding force. Among them, the decrease of bonding force between hazardous rock and slope surface (or mother rock) is the common initiating mechanism of slip type and tipping type collapse, the shift of center of gravity of hazardous rock is mainly the initiating mechanism of tipping type collapse, and the increase of overall downward sliding force of hazardous rock exceeding the limit of sliding resistance is mainly the initiating mechanism of slip type collapse. These three types of main control factors can be used as one of the judgment criteria for the initiation mechanism of actual slope failure. In terms of precursor characteristics, before the collapse of dangerous rocks, there are precursor phenomena such as localized falling blocks and small rock avalanches on the macro level, and the acoustic emission signals mostly appear in the middle and low frequency bands and the main frequency band is wide, and at the same time, the middle and high amplitude and energy signals account for a large number of the signals. Therefore, when multiple single precursor features appear simultaneously in the comprehensive precursor features, it can be used as one of the judgment criteria for the occurrence of actual slope failure.
The research in this paper can provide scientific basis and technical support for the monitoring and early warning of highway slope dangerous rock failure, which can help to improve the effectiveness and reliability of the prevention and control of dangerous rock failure disaster.
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