| Citation: | CHEN Hailong，QUAN Yongbin，CHEN Pingbo，et al. Organic geochemical characteristics and metallogenic indication of gold deposits in Xuefeng Uplift zone: A case study of Woxi and Wangu gold deposits[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（4）：1-23 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240481
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Previous prospecting practices for deep-seated ore deposits utilizing organic hydrocarbons revealed significant differences in the metallogenic implications between deep-source superimposed anomalies observed in the deep margins of the Woxi and Wangu gold deposits and syngenetic superimposed anomalies identified in peripheral mineralized bodies. To further investigate the distinct mechanisms of Au-organic matter mineralization and halo formation between these two types,
this study focused on large-to-medium gold deposits (Woxi and Wangu) in the Xuefeng Uplift Belt and their peripheral mineralized bodies (exhibiting favorable shallow gold mineralization but poor deep mineralization). A comprehensive suite of analytical methods was employed, including Rock-Eval pyrolysis, chloroform asphalt "A" extraction and component separation, saturated hydrocarbon gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), fluid inclusion analysis, and C-H-O-S stable isotope tracing. Comparative investigations were conducted on their metallogenic geological characteristics, organic geochemical signatures, fluid inclusion properties, and isotopic geochemical features to elucidate the Au-organic matter mineralization and halo-forming mechanisms.
The results indicate that: (1) Large-to-medium gold deposits and peripheral mineralized bodies differ in metallogenic geological characteristics. The former underwent regional metamorphic hydrothermal filling-metasomatism followed by superimposed mineralization from deep-source fluids, while the latter experienced only regional metamorphic hydrothermal filling-metasomatism. (2) Both deposit types contain adsorbed organic matter derived from similar sources and paleo-depositional environments. However, total organic carbon (TOC) content in large-to-medium deposits exceeds that of peripheral mineralized bodies by over 50%, with oxygen and hydrocarbon indices being 10-fold lower and 3 to 8-fold lower, respectively, indicating higher organic matter abundance and maturity in large-to-medium deposits. (3) C-H-O-S stable isotope tracing demonstrates that metallogenic materials in large-to-medium deposits originated from the mantle, with ore-forming fluids derived from multi-stage evolutionary mixing of mantle-derived "deep-source fluids." In contrast, peripheral mineralized bodies sourced metallogenic materials solely from ore-bearing strata, with ore-forming fluids originating from shallow crustal "shallow-source fluids," reflecting differences in fluid dynamic and mixing mechanisms that led to distinct metallogenic implications. (4) The sources of organic matter in ore-forming fluids differ. Large-to-medium deposits exhibit superimposed "incremental" organic matter introduced by deep-source fluids alongside adsorbed organic matter, whereas peripheral mineralized bodies contain only adsorbed organic matter, explaining the significantly higher TOC in the former. (5) The Au-organic matter mineralization and halo-forming mechanisms diverge. In large-to-medium deposits, Au transported by mantle-derived fluids predominantly exists as organic complexes/chelates (e.g., Au(CH3)2+, [Au(CH2NH2COO)]2+) via liquid-phase and gas-phase migration. In peripheral mineralized bodies, Au in shallow-source fluids primarily combines with organic matter through physical adsorption, lacking geochemical significance for organic complexation/chelation. This contrast manifests as stronger organic hydrocarbon anomalies and robust Au-organic hydrocarbon correlations in large-to-medium deposit carriers (ore bodies, overlying strata, or soils), versus weaker anomalies and poor correlations in peripheral mineralized bodies. These findings align with prior prospecting observations: "deep-source fluid mineralization-deep-derived metallogenic materials-strong Au-organic hydrocarbon correlations-deep-source superimposed anomalies-high deep prospecting potential" versus "shallow-source fluid mineralization-strata-limited metallogenic materials-weak Au-organic hydrocarbon correlations-syngenetic superimposed anomalies-limited deep prospecting potential."
This study provides novel insights and directions for evaluating deep prospecting potential in exploration geochemistry.
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