| Citation: | WANG Ke，LIU Mingliang，SHI Hongjie，et al. Geochemical characteristics and genesis mechanisms of Kawu geothermal water in Tibet[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（4）：142-153 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240477
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The Kawu area is a typical high-temperature hydrothermal system in southern Tibet, with high potential for exploitation. However, the current understanding of its genesis mechanisms is still insufficient, which limits the further development and utilization of geothermal resources. This study aims to investigate the genesis and thermal sources of the Kawu geothermal region.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics and hydrogen-oxygen isotope data of geothermal and shallow cold waters were analyzed to assess the thermal reservoir temperatures of the geothermal system. The hydrogeochemical processes involved in the formation of geothermal waters, including water-rock interactions, cold water mixing, and water-steam separation, were explored. Additionally, the deep thermal sources of the geothermal system were identified, shedding light on the genesis mechanisms of the system.
The results indicated that the geothermal waters primarily exhibited a neutral to weakly alkaline HCO3-Cl-Na chemical type. The Na-K geothermometer estimated the uniform deep thermal reservoir temperature at 280℃, while the K-Mg and quartz geothermometers estimated the shallow thermal reservoir temperature at approximately 175℃. The cold-water mixing ratio ranged from 50% to 76%. The deuterium and oxygen isotopic values of the reduced deep thermal reservoir ranged from −207.20‰ to −185.25‰ and −22.26‰ to −17.74‰, respectively. Based on these findings, a conceptual model for the Kawu geothermal system is proposed. It is suggested that Kawu area is a geothermal system with a magmatic heat source, where a uniform deep geothermal fluid rises along various regional fractures and undergoes different hydrogeochemical processes, resulting in the formation of four distinct shallow thermal reservoirs with varying distributions. This ultimately leads to the emergence of Kawu geothermal water.
The study provides important guidance for the rational development and efficient utilization of geothermal resources in the Kawu geothermal region and offers valuable insights for studying the genesis mechanisms of similar geothermal systems in southern Tibet.
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