| Citation: | CHAI Chen，ZHOU Chang，XIA Zhao，et al. Geothermal genesis and hazard assessment for a fault-controlled kilometer-deep tunnel in Xinjiang[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology，2025，44（4）：304-315 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240290
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Deep tunnel construction is impacted by various geological processes, with geothermal activity significantly affecting construction safety and efficiency. However, case studies specifically revealing geothermal genesis remain scarce.
An integrated approach employing geophysical exploration, drilling, hydrogeochemical analysis, thermal infrared remote sensing, and UAV surveys was utilized to characterize the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of a planned expressway tunnel in Xinjiang (maximum burial depth:
Results show that hot springs are exclusively distributed within the valley area northeast of the intersection between the F36 and F37 faults. Low-resistance fractured rock masses are presented within the study area, particularly concentrated near fault zones and hot spring locations. Additionally, hot spring water samples exhibit significantly higher mineralization compared to the Arxian River water, along with slightly elevated temperatures relative to the ambient strata.
Based on aformentioned findings, the geothermal water formation mechanism within the study area is proposed. Recharge occurs not from the proximal Arxian River, but from atmospheric precipitation and meltwater sourced from distal glaciers/snowfields approximately 3 km away. These recharged groundwaters converge near the F35-F36-F37 fault intersection, where it is heated at about 200 m depth by a deep-seated heat source before ascending along fractures in the fault zone towards the surface. Furthermore, employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for thermal hazard assessment of present planned tunnel alignments-considering faults, geothermal gradient, water inflow potential, and surrounding rock lithology as key factors-identified alignment B8 as optimal, evidenced by its lowest AHP score indicating minimal thermal hazard impact. This study elucidates the formation mechanisms and distribution patterns of geothermal activity in deep-buried tunnels, providing a scientific basis for thermal hazard mitigation in high-altitude permafrost regions.
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