高黏土粉砂岩夹层的压汞−核磁联合评价与甜点识别：以古龙凹陷青一段PⅡ井为例

石桓山; 胡望水; 李涛; 李亦博; 李姗姗; 修静泽

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb202605039

高黏土粉砂岩夹层的压汞−核磁联合评价与甜点识别：以古龙凹陷青一段PⅡ井为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb202605039

石桓山^{1a, 1b,},
胡望水^{1a, 1b},
李涛^{1a, 1b, ,},
李亦博^{2, 3},
李姗姗^{1a, 1b},
修静泽^{1a, 1b}

1a.
长江大学：地球科学学院
1b.
长江大学：油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室，武汉 430100
2.
中国石油化工股份有限公司储气库分公司，郑州 450001
3.
中国地质大学（北京）能源学院，北京 100083

详细信息

作者简介:
石桓山：E-mail：13288014@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：ltm817@163.com

中图分类号: P618.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 123
- PDF下载量: 38
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-19
- 录用日期: 2026-05-26
- 修回日期: 2026-05-19
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-22

Joint mercury intrusion porosimetry-NMR evaluation and sweet spot identification of high-clay siltstone interlayers: A case study of Well PⅡ in Qing-1 Member, Gulong Depression

SHI Huanshan^{1a, 1b
,},
HU Wangshui^{1a, 1b},
LI Tao^{1a, 1b
, ,},
LI Yibo^{2, 3},
LI Shanshan^{1a, 1b},
XIU Jingze^{1a, 1b}

1a.
School of Geosciences
1b.
Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
2.
Sinopec Gas Storage Branch, Zhengzhou 450001, China
3.
School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：13288014@qq.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：ltm817@163.com

摘要

摘要:
松辽盆地古龙凹陷青一段高黏土粉砂岩夹层是页岩油微运移与局部富集的重要载体。受黏土矿物、细喉道以及孔喉连通非均质性共同控制，储层普遍出现 “含油而不可动” 现象。有必要在同井同岩相条件下厘清孔喉结构与流体可动性的内在关系，建立适用于该类夹层的甜点识别评价标准，规避仅依靠含油性造成的甜点误判。为保障样品可对比性，在 PⅡ 井同井同岩相开展分组配对取样，采用矿物差异指数MDI≤15%作为样品筛选条件；综合开展高压压汞、原状含油二维核磁共振、洗油后饱和模拟地层水−离心核磁共振实验，获取孔喉半径中值r₅₀、分选系数σ、退汞效率、横向弛豫时间T₂截止值、可动流体饱和度等参数；构建复合可动油指数CMOI，综合表征储层含油贡献与流体可动贡献；结合 CT 扫描、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）微观观测，揭示黏土膜状 / 桥连充填造成细颈喉、孔喉连通受阻的微观机理，解释宏观实验统计规律。高黏土粉砂岩夹层中压汞孔喉参数与核磁可动指标存在显著对应关系：黏土含量升高，r₅₀减小，可动流体饱和度、CMOI同步降低，饱和态T₂几何均值随之减小；受黏土束缚水干扰，T₂截止值不适用于样品间横向对比，饱和态T₂几何均值更适合表征样品可动性差异。基于井段样本分析提出经验甜点判别组合：r₅₀>0.4 μm、可动流体饱和度S_MF>40%、CMOI≥20%，在S_MF-r₅₀交会图划分 A～D 4类评价分区，研究样本仅发育 A、B、D 3类，未见 C 类样品；其中 B 型样品表现为孔喉尺度大但可动性受限，体现 “高孔喉≠高可动” 的储层特征。受样本数量与取样范围约束，该套判别标准仅适用于 PⅡ 井青一段该同岩相井段，后续需扩充样品进一步校验阈值。CMOI与S_MF-r₅₀联合判别方案能够区分含油但动用受限储层，可用于该井段同类夹层样品的甜点识别与评价分类。
- 古龙凹陷青一段 /
- 高黏土粉砂岩夹层 /
- 复合可动油指数 /
- 甜点识别 /
- 页岩油
Abstract:
Objective
Continental interlayer-type shale oil in China has become a critical strategic resource for increasing reserves and production. High-clay siltstone interlayers in the First Member of Qingshankou Formation (Qing-1 Member) of Gulong Depression, Songliao Basin, are important carriers of shale-oil micro-migration and local accumulation. Nevertheless, controlled jointly by clay minerals, fine throats, and heterogeneity in pore-throat connectivity, high-clay siltstone interlayers within shale-oil sequences commonly show distinct oil-bearing characteristics but poor fluid mobility. Existing studies lack quantitative coupling relationships between pore-throat parameters derived from high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and fluid-mobility indicators obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for such high-clay interlayers, and sweet spot classification still largely relies on empirical judgment. This study targets high-clay siltstone interlayers of the Qing-1 Member in the Gulong Depression, Songliao Basin. Under the constraints of the same well and identical lithofacies, this study aims to clarify the intrinsic relationship between pore-throat structure and fluid mobility, establish a quantitative sweet spot identification criterion, and mitigate misjudgment risks caused by merely using oil-bearing indicators for reservoir evaluation.
Methods
Ten groups of paired core samples from Well PⅡ were collected, and the mineral difference index (MDI)≤15% was used to ensure mineralogical comparability between MIP and NMR subsamples. Integrated laboratory tests, including high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry, two-dimensional NMR under original oil-bearing conditions, and centrifugal NMR after oil washing and simulated formation-water saturation, were conducted to obtain key parameters such as median pore-throat radius r₅₀, sorting coefficient σ, mercury withdrawal efficiency, transverse relaxation time T₂ cutoff value, movable-fluid saturation S_MF, and saturated-state geometric mean of T₂. A composite movable-oil index (CMOI=S_o×S_MF/100) was constructed to jointly characterize the contributions of both oil-bearing characteristics and fluid mobility. Based on micro-scale computed tomography (CT) scanning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations, microscopic mechanisms of throat narrowing and pore-throat connectivity impairment induced by clay film coating and bridging infill were revealed to explain the statistical patterns observed in the macroscopic experiments.
Results
For high-clay siltstone interlayers, pore-throat parameters from MIP showed significant correlations with NMR mobility indicators. With increasing clay content, r₅₀ decreased, while S_MF, CMOI, and the saturated-state geometric mean of T₂ decreased simultaneously. Affected by clay-bound water, the T₂ cutoff value was not suitable for cross-sample comparison. Instead, the saturated-state geometric mean of T₂ was more suitable for characterizing differences in sample mobility. Based on the analysis of well-interval samples, a empirical sweet spot identification combination was proposed: r₅₀>0.4 μm, S_MF>40% and CMOI≥20%. Four evaluation zones (Type A-D) were further defined on the S_MF-r₅₀ cross-plot. The samples occurred only in types A, B, and D, with no Type-C samples observed. Type-B samples were characterized by large pore-throat sizes but limited mobility, reflecting the reservoir characteristics of "large pore-throat size does not guarantee high mobility".
Conclusion
Constrained by the sample size and sampling scope, the proposed identification criteria are only applicable to the same-lithofacies interval of the Qing-1 Member within Well PⅡ. Further sample expansion and verification are required for threshold calibration. The joint discrimination scheme combining CMOI and S_MF-r₅₀ can effectively distinguish oil-bearing reservoirs with limited mobility, and it can be applied to relative ranking and sweet spot classification of analogous siltstone interlayers within this well interval.
- Qing-1 Member, Gulong Depression /
- high-clay siltstone interlayer /
- composite movable-oil index /
- sweet spot identification /
- shale oil

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图 1 松辽盆地构造图(a)与地层−岩性综合柱状图(b)（据文献[3，21]修改）

RST. 湖退体系域；TST. 湖侵体系域；E. 早期；L. 晚期；LAE. 湖相缺氧事件

Figure 1. Structural framework (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column (b) of Songliao Basin

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图 2 PⅡ井青一段夹层型页岩油典型岩心照片与纹层特征

Figure 2. Representative core photographs and lamination characteristics of interlayer-type shale oil in Qing-1 Member, Well PⅡ

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图 3 PⅡ井青一段样品主要矿物组成统计

Figure 3. Statistics of main mineral composition of samples from Qing-1 Member, Well PⅡ

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图 4 高压压汞进−退汞曲线(a)及孔喉半径分布(b)（#1～#10退汞效率见表2）

Figure 4. High-pressure mercury intrusion–extrusion curves (a) and pore-throat radius distribution (b)

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图 5 高压压汞孔喉参数与黏土含量 (a)、渗透率 (b) 的相关关系（R²为决定系数，下同）

Figure 5. Correlations of MIP-derived pore-throat parameters with clay content (a) and permeability (b)

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图 6 饱和状态离心核磁共振T₂ 弛豫谱与T₂ 截止值

#11～#20 T₂截止值见表3；图中竖向虚线表示对应样品的T₂截止值

Figure 6. Saturated-state centrifugal NMR T₂ relaxation spectra and T₂ cut-off values

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图 7 代表性样品T₁-T₂二维核磁共振谱及流体赋存解释（二维核磁谱图中白色虚线为T₁/T₂等比值参考线；T₁为纵向弛豫时间；下同）

Figure 7. Representative T₁-T₂ two-dimensional NMR spectra and interpretation of fluid occurrence states

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图 8 核磁共振参数与w（黏土）(a)、孔隙度(b)、可动流体饱和度(c)、含油饱和度(d)的统计关系

Figure 8. Statistical relationships of NMR parameters with clay content (w) (a), porosity (b), movable-fluid saturation (c), and oil saturation (d)

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图 9 微米级 CT 孔−喉−裂缝微观结构特征（体素分辨率 2 μm，深度 2674.13 m）

Figure 9. Micro-scale CT characteristics of pore-throat-fracture microstructures

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图 10 全直径岩心 CT 体素分割与三维渲染（体素分辨率 55 μm，深度 2673.82～2674.63 m）

Figure 10. Whole-core CT voxel segmentation and 3D rendering of pyrite, fractures, and pores

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图 11 扫描电镜（SEM）图像：黏土胶结充填与孔喉连通特征

a. 孔喉被片状黏土胶结物充填，粒间孔少，储集能力受限，2685.28 m；b. 粒间孔与线性微裂缝共同发育，局部改善、仍以细喉控制，2715.58 m；c. 粒间孔与溶蚀孔显著发育，孔喉畅通，储集潜力优，2671.52 m；d. 溶蚀作用增强孔喉畅通性，储集性能较高，2681.06 m

Figure 11. SEM images of clay cementation and filling and pore-throat connectivity characteristics

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图 12 高压压汞孔喉参数与核磁共振可动流体参数相关关系

Figure 12. Correlations between MIP-derived pore-throat parameters and NMR-derived movable-fluid parameters

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图 13 甜点判别阈值优选与模型判别性能评价

F₁为精确率（PPV）与召回率（Recall）的调和平均数，是二分类任务的综合评价指标，F₁=2×PPV×Recall/(PPV+Recall)；25%～75%为四分位数区间；1.5IQR内的范围为1.5倍四分位距限定的正常数据范围

Figure 13. Optimization of sweet spot identification thresholds and evaluation of model identification performance

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图 14 S_MF−r₅₀阈值判别及样品评价分区

n为样本数量；r为Pearson相关系数；p为显著性检验的 p 值，代表观测到当前相关特征由随机因素造成的概率；A～D 为4类评价分区编号；下同

Figure 14. S_MF−r₅₀ threshold discrimination and sample evaluation zones

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图 15 不同样品评价类型的数量分布

Figure 15. Sample counts for different evaluation types

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图 16 储层关键评价指标随深度变化对比

Figure 16. Comparison of variation of key reservoir evaluation indicators with depth

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表 1 PⅡ井青一段粉砂岩夹层配对样品基础信息与矿物组成

Table 1. Basic information and mineral composition of paired siltstone interlayer samples, Qing-1 Member, Well PⅡ

配对编号	样品编号	埋深/m	实验项目	石英	黏土	长石	方解石	埋深差/m	MDI/%
配对编号	样品编号	埋深/m	实验项目	w_B/%				埋深差/m	MDI/%
Ⅰ	#1	2671.57	高压压汞	38.5	32.2	21.6	7.7	0	4.2
Ⅰ	#11	2671.57	核磁共振	39.1	33.7	21.1	6.1	0	4.2
Ⅱ	#2	2674.87	高压压汞	38.8	32.7	22.4	6.1	0.80	6.8
Ⅱ	#12	2674.07	核磁共振	40.8	29.8	21.9	7.5	0.80	6.8
Ⅲ	#3	2680.76	高压压汞	40.9	32.2	22.9	4.0	0.50	4.6
Ⅲ	#13	2680.26	核磁共振	38.7	33.5	22.8	5.0	0.50	4.6
Ⅳ	#4	2681.06	高压压汞	39.2	31.2	21.2	8.4	0.70	11.4
Ⅳ	#14	2681.76	核磁共振	36.5	34.9	23.2	5.4	0.70	11.4
Ⅴ	#5	2685.26	高压压汞	28.9	41.2	23.7	6.2	0.50	8.4
Ⅴ	#15	2684.76	核磁共振	31.7	40.1	25.1	3.1	0.50	8.4
Ⅵ	#6	2706.60	高压压汞	33.7	35.7	24.3	6.3	0.08	4.2
Ⅵ	#16	2706.52	核磁共振	31.9	36.0	26.1	6.0	0.08	4.2
Ⅶ	#7	2708.90	高压压汞	31.6	37.2	25.6	5.6	0.70	3.8
Ⅶ	#17	2709.60	核磁共振	32.9	35.4	26.2	5.5	0.70	3.8
Ⅷ	#8	2712.19	高压压汞	32.9	36.4	25.2	5.5	0	2.8
Ⅷ	#18	2712.19	核磁共振	33.4	35.0	25.3	6.3	0	2.8
Ⅸ	#9	2715.58	高压压汞	31.8	37.7	24.9	5.6	0.26	6.8
Ⅸ	#19	2715.84	核磁共振	35.2	35.8	23.4	5.6	0.26	6.8
Ⅹ	#10	2721.88	高压压汞	33.3	37.1	24.1	5.5	0.50	2.8
Ⅹ	#20	2721.38	核磁共振	34.7	35.7	24.1	5.5	0.50	2.8
注：MDI为矿物差异指数；矿物含量为石英、黏土、长石、方解石的归一化结果（四者之和=100%），微量矿物未计入；单矿物定量不确定度一般为±2%～3%（绝对值），该参数用于计算MDI以评估样品组内可比性，配对判据为 MDI≤15%；配对样品垂向距离≤0.8 m；下同

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表 2 样品高压压汞实验结果及孔喉结构参数

Table 2. High-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) experimental results and pore-throat structural parameters of samples

样品编号	退汞效率/%	P_b/MPa	最大进汞饱和度/%	r₅₀/μm	σ	压汞孔隙度/%	k/10⁻³ μm²
#1	23.496	0.13769	86.345	0.455	3.055	13.515	2.992
#2	27.229	0.13769	84.868	0.408	2.654	14.394	3.407
#3	21.727	0.13770	82.087	0.459	2.456	12.755	0.767
#4	22.622	0.13768	86.115	0.601	2.505	13.742	3.117
#5	28.395	1.36796	80.188	0.071	1.714	10.738	0.045
#6	23.492	0.67517	83.871	0.174	1.414	10.209	0.049
#7	26.007	1.35986	84.217	0.114	1.597	12.048	0.025
#8	26.261	0.67813	84.036	0.140	1.624	11.534	0.039
#9	26.132	0.67336	82.670	0.105	1.581	11.775	0.032
#10	26.489	0.67368	83.227	0.126	1.681	11.411	0.041
注： P_d为排驱压力；r₅₀为孔喉半径中值；σ为孔喉分选系数；k为渗透率；下同

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表 3 样品核磁共振实验参数与测试结果

Table 3. Experimental parameters and test results from NMR measurements

样品编号	S_MF/%	T₂截止值/ms	T₂几何均值（饱和）/ms	S_o/%	核磁孔隙度/%	CMOI/%
#11	54.44	49.94	42.56	56.18	13.19	30.58
#12	56.69	49.94	46.26	48.74	13.53	27.63
#13	58.90	41.60	43.08	43.95	13.43	25.89
#14	34.68	28.86	16.76	44.54	13.15	15.45
#15	15.08	71.97	13.57	42.60	10.74	6.42
#16	9.02	41.60	6.08	43.22	10.64	3.90
#17	14.16	34.65	7.12	37.49	11.23	5.31
#18	18.83	41.60	7.18	46.05	10.94	8.67
#19	28.39	20.03	8.66	45.95	11.20	13.05
#20	27.81	24.04	8.53	17.92	11.29	4.98
注： T₂为横向弛豫时间；S_MF为可动流体饱和度；S_o为含油饱和度；CMOI为复合可动油指数；下同

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表 4 甜点判别结果及评价指标

Table 4. Sweet spot identification results and evaluation indicators

配对编号	r₅₀/ μm	S_MF/ %	CMOI/ %	样本甜点 (CMOI≥20%)	判别结果(r₅₀>0.40， S_MF>40%)	分类
Ⅰ	0.455	54.44	30.58	是	是	TP
Ⅱ	0.408	56.69	27.63	是	是	TP
Ⅲ	0.459	58.9	25.89	是	是	TP
Ⅳ	0.601	34.68	15.45	否	否	TN
Ⅴ	0.071	15.08	6.42	否	否	TN
Ⅵ	0.174	9.02	3.90	否	否	TN
Ⅶ	0.114	14.16	5.31	否	否	TN
Ⅷ	0.14	18.83	8.67	否	否	TN
Ⅸ	0.105	28.39	13.05	否	否	TN
Ⅹ	0.126	27.81	4.98	否	否	TN
注：TP为真阳性（对照标准为甜点且判为甜点）；FP为假阳性（对照标准为非甜点但判为甜点）；FN为假阴性（对照标准为甜点未被判出）；TN为真阴性（对照标准为非甜点且未被判出）。在该阈值组合下：TP=3，FP=0，FN=0，TN=7，PPV=1.00，Recall=1.00，F₁=1.00。按表中列联结果进行Fisher精确检验，双侧p=0.0083，表明该经验界值组合与样本内甜点对照结果具有较好的对应关系。需要指出的是，样本甜点为实验室尺度的对照标准，仅用于检验本研究判别标准在本井段样品集中的识别效果；受正类样本仅3件限制，相关结果主要用于井段内对比与优选，不作更大范围直接外推

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