聚光太阳能−地热储能系统多参数耦合仿真的正交试验优化与经济性评估

王焰新; 蒋恕; 胡帆; 马冲; 周敏敏; 李满; 胡大伟; 张国华; 叶灿滔; 龚宇烈

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250526

聚光太阳能−地热储能系统多参数耦合仿真的正交试验优化与经济性评估

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250526

王焰新^{1, 2, ,},
蒋恕^{1, 2, ,},
胡帆^{1, 2},
马冲^{1, 2},
周敏敏³,
李满⁴,
胡大伟^{1, 4},
张国华^{1, 2},
叶灿滔⁵,
龚宇烈⁵

1.
中国地质大学（武汉）新能源学院深层地热富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室，武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学（武汉）内蒙古研究院，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017010
3.
东南大学能源与环境学院能源热转换及其过程测控教育部重点实验室，南京 210096
4.
中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所岩土力学与工程安全全国重点实验室，武汉 430071
5.
中国科学院广州能源研究所，广州 510640

基金项目: 湖北省地热国际科技合作项目（2024EHA026）；湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项（2025CSA020）；深地国家科技重大专项（2024ZD1003503-01；2024ZD1003503-06；2025ZD1010208）

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：yx.wang@cug.edu.cn

jiangsu@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: TK529；TK513
计量
- 文章访问数: 371
- PDF下载量: 154
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-29
- 录用日期: 2025-12-30
- 修回日期: 2025-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-31

Orthogonal experiment optimization and economic evaluation of multi-parameter coupled simulation of a concentrated solar power-geothermal energy storage system

WANG Yanxin^{1, 2
, ,},
JIANG Shu^{1, 2
, ,},
HU Fan^{1, 2},
MA Chong^{1, 2},
ZHOU Minmin³,
LI Man⁴,
HU Dawei^{1, 4},
ZHANG Guohua^{1, 2},
YE Cantao⁵,
GONG Yulie⁵

1.
State Key Laboratory of Deep Geothermal Resources, School of Sustainable Energy, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Inner Mongolia Institute of Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Ordos Inner Mongolia 017010, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Safety, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
5.
Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：yx.wang@cug.edu.cn; jiangsu@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
通过数值仿真方法及正交试验设计，对新型聚光太阳能−地热长时储能系统（GEO-CSP）开展前期先验研究，旨在综合评估系统参数性能及其经济可行性。该系统通过聚光太阳能加热工质至高温，通过注入井将热能储存于地下储层，从而提升地层储热能力。采用多软件协同耦合仿真方法：SG-塔式软件通过光线追踪计算定日镜场集热性能；COMSOL多物理场模型模拟地下储层热−流耦合传热，分析注入温度和流量以及储层特征对地层储热效率的影响；MATLAB/Simulink构建两级闪蒸发电模型并仿真发电过程。基于27组正交试验设计分析，结果表明最优工况下（如：350 ℃注入温度、100 m³/h注入流量）地层储热效率可达93.6%、地热发电效率达33.5%。参数敏感性分析显示，注入温度与注入流量是影响系统性能的主控因素（贡献率分别为78.3%和14.0%）；典型工况下，100 m左右的储层厚度能够平衡热交换效率与热损失，实现系统综合性能最优化。经济性分析表明，枯竭油气藏改造场景下，其投资回收期缩短至5 a以内，30 a生命周期内1对井的累计净收益达3153.67万元。本先验研究可为太阳能−地热耦合储能协同发电体系的参数优化和工程应用提供理论依据，对推动可再生能源长时储能技术发展具有重要意义。
- 地热 /
- 聚光太阳能 /
- GEO-CSP /
- 系统动态模拟 /
- 正交试验 /
- 经济性分析
Abstract:
Objective
This study employs numerical simulation methods and orthogonal experimental design to conduct preliminary a priori research on a novel concentrated solar power-geothermal (GEO-CSP) long-duration energy storage system (LDES), aiming to comprehensively evaluate system parameter performance and economic feasibility. The new system utilizes concentrated solar power to heat a working fluid to high temperatures and injects the thermal energy into underground reservoirs via injection wells, thereby enhancing thermal storage capacity.
Methods
A multi-software coupled simulation approach was adopted. The SG-Tower software was used to calculate heliostat field heat collection performance via ray tracing. A COMSOL multiphysics model was used to simulate thermal-fluid coupled heat transfer in underground reservoirs, analyzing the effects of injection temperature, injection flow rate, and reservoir characteristics on thermal storage efficiency. A MATLAB/Simulink model was developed to simulate a two-stage flash power generation process.
Results
Based on the analysis of 27 sets of orthogonal experimental designs, the results indicated that under optimal operating conditions (e.g., injection temperature of 350 ℃ and injection flow rate of 100 m³/h), geothermal storage efficiency reached 93.6% and power generation efficiency reached 33.5%. Parameter sensitivity analysis revealed that injection temperature and injection flow rate were the primary controlling factors affecting system performance (with contribution rates of 78.3% and 14.0%, respectively). Under typical operating conditions, a reservoir thickness of approximately 100 meters balanced heat exchange efficiency and heat loss, achieving optimal overall system performance. Economic analysis indicated that in depleted oil and gas reservoir conversion scenarios, the investment payback period was reduced to less than 5 years, and the cumulative net profit of one well pair reached 31.5367 million yuan over a 30-year life cycle.
Conclusion
This priori study provides a theoretical basis for parameter optimization and engineering applications of solar-geothermal coupled energy storage and power generation systems, offers important insights for promoting the development of long-duration renewable energy storage technologies.
- geothermal energy /
- concentrated solar power /
- GEO-CSP /
- system dynamic simulation /
- orthogonal experiment /
- economic analysis

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图 1 太阳能地热储能系统GEO-CSP工作流程示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of GEO-CSP workflow

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图 2 镜场排布(a)及超临界二氧化碳吸热循环系统模型(b)

MCOMP. 主压缩机；COOLER. 冷却器；REGENL. 低温侧回热器；REGENH. 高温侧回热器；BOILER. 蒸发器；S-TURBIN. 汽轮机；B3.3号阀（节流阀 / 调节阀）；EX-OUT. 排气出口；SPLIT-1.1号分流器；RCOMP. 再压缩机；MIX-1.1号混合器；S-MCOUT. 主压缩机出口物流；S-BIN. 锅炉入口物流；S-COUT. 冷却器出口物流；S-TOC. 冷却器入口物流；S-REHOUT. 高温侧回热器出口物流；S-RELOUT. 低温侧回热器出口物流；S-BOUT. 锅炉出口物流；S-TOUT. 汽轮机出口物流；S-TOUTO. 汽轮机出口（外排/循环）物流；S-TORC. 再压缩机入口物流

Figure 2. Heliostat field layout (a) and supercritical CO₂ heat absorption cycle model (b)

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图 3 太阳能地热储能系统模型与网格(a)及注采策略(b)

Figure 3. Model and mesh (a), injection-production strategy (b) of GEO-CSP

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图 4 地热发电仿真模型

Ideal trading. 理想换热；Collector array shading. 集热器阵列遮阴；Solar equations. 太阳辐射方程；Time delay. 时间延迟（系统延时模块）；Expansion tank. 膨胀水箱（系统压力缓冲模块）；East pipe-26. 东向管道-26；Row. 集热器/管路行阵列；Mass calculations. 质量计算；HX. 换热器；HX with bypass. 带旁通的换热器；Loop Pump. 循环泵；East pipe-1. 东向管道-1；Produce pump. 采出泵；1-stage. 一级闪蒸；2-stage. 二级闪蒸；Steam turbine. 汽轮机；Generator. 发电机；Condenser. 冷凝器；Condensate pump. 凝结水泵；Cooling water. 冷却水；Inject pump. 回灌泵；Mixer. 混合器；Hot well. 热井；Cold well. 冷井；Pump control. 泵控制；Energy flows. 能量流；Temps. 温度；h and P. 焓与压力

Figure 4. Geothermal power generation simulation model

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图 5 3种水平注入温度250 ℃ (a)，300 ℃ (b)，350 ℃ (c)下对应的地层储热效率

Figure 5. Geothermal thermal storage efficiency under three injection temperatures of 250 ℃ (a), 300 ℃ (b), and 350 ℃ (c)

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图 6 3种水平注入温度250 ℃，(a) 300 ℃ (b)，350 ℃ (c)下对应的地热发电效率

Figure 6. Geothermal power generation efficiency under three injection temperatures of 250 ℃ (a), 300 ℃ (b), and 350 ℃ (c)

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图 7 27组仿真工况下的平准化度电成本（LCOE）值

Figure 7. Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) values under 27 sets of simulation conditions

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表 1 3水平多因素正交试验表

Table 1. Orthogonal test table for three-level multi-factor design

序列	因素	单位	水平因素
1	注入温度T	℃	250	300	350
2	注入流量V	m³/h	100	200	300
3	储层厚度D	m	50	100	150
4	渗透率k	mD	200	100	50
5	岩石导热系数λ	W/(m²·℃)	1.7	2.0	2.5
注：1 mD≈9.869×10⁻⁴ μm²；下同

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表 2 各工况下27组正交试验

Table 2. Orthogonal experiment table for 27 simulation cases under different operating conditions

仿真组别	注入温度/℃	注入流量/ (m³·h⁻¹)	采热回灌温度/℃	井间距/m	储层厚度/m	渗透率/mD	岩石热导系数/ (W·m⁻²·℃⁻¹)	地层储热效率/%	地热发电效率/%
ng1	250	100	90	2000	150	100	2.5	91.995	14.8
ng2		100	90	3000	50	50	1.7	93.147	17.9
ng3		100	90	4000	100	200	2	93.142	22.5
ng4		200	110	2000	150	100	1.7	93.042	16.4
ng5		200	110	3000	50	50	2	92.202	16.4
ng6		200	110	4000	100	200	2.5	91.352	19.8
ng7		300	130	2000	150	100	2	92.458	15.4
ng8		300	130	3000	50	50	2.5	92.227	19.2
ng9		300	130	4000	100	200	1.7	92.884	17.3
ng10	300	100	110	2000	50	200	1.7	92.929	22.6
ng11		100	110	3000	100	100	2	93.072	25.6
ng12		100	110	4000	150	50	2.5	92.194	30.2
ng13		200	130	2000	50	200	2	92.999	23.7
ng14		200	130	3000	100	100	2.5	91.344	24.3
ng15		200	130	4000	150	50	1.7	92.089	27.6
ng16		300	90	2000	50	200	2.5	92.389	23.7
ng17		300	90	3000	100	100	1.7	93.301	27.3
ng18		300	90	4000	150	50	2	92.832	26.3
ng19	350	100	130	2000	100	50	2	92.378	27.4
ng20		100	130	3000	150	200	2.5	91.519	29.9
ng21		100	130	4000	50	100	1.7	93.496	33.7
ng22		200	90	2000	100	50	2.5	92.405	29.3
ng23		200	90	3000	150	200	1.7	92.976	29.0
ng24		200	90	4000	50	100	2	92.911	32.7
ng25		300	110	2000	100	50	1.7	93.573	28.4
ng26		300	110	3000	150	200	2	92.778	31.2
ng27		300	110	4000	50	100	2.5	91.833	30.6

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表 3 地层储热效率的方差分析结果表（显著性水平α=0.05）

Table 3. Variance analysis results for thermal storage efficiency

因素	平方和（SS）	自由度（d_f）	均方（MS）	F值	p值	贡献率/%	显著性
注入温度	0.000156	2	0.000078	3.12	0.067	12.8	—
注入流量	0.000087	2	0.000044	1.76	0.198	7.2	—
储层厚度	0.000021	2	0.000011	0.44	0.651	1.7	—
渗透率	0.001032	2	0.000516	20.64	<0.001	84.6	**
岩石导热系数	0.000054	2	0.000027	1.08	0.359	4.4	—
误差	0.000250	10	0.000025	—	—	—	—
注：显著性：**表示p<0.01； — 表示不显著；下同

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表 4 地热发电效率的方差分析结果表（显著性水平α=0.05）

Table 4. Variance analysis results for power generation efficiency

因素	平方和（SS）	自由度（d_f）	均方（MS）	F值	p值	贡献率/%	显著性
注入温度	0.104235	2	0.052118	52.12	<0.001	78.3	**
注入流量	0.018654	2	0.009327	9.33	0.005	14.0	**
储层厚度	0.003127	2	0.001564	1.56	0.237	2.3	—
渗透率	0.004568	2	0.002284	2.28	0.130	3.4	—
岩石导热系数	0.002678	2	0.001339	1.34	0.285	2.0	—
误差	0.010000	10	0.001000	—	—	—	—

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表 5 各主要子单元单价

Table 5. Unit prices of major subsystems

项目	价格
发电单元^[34]	1万元/kW
井^[35]	2000×1/10000万元/井深（m）
泵、管阀件等	2000×0.5/10000万元/井深（m）
太阳集热单元^[33]	0.29万元/m²
运行维护费用	总投资的3%

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表 6 钻对井和利用枯竭油气藏储热的投资收益对比

Table 6. Comparison of investment returns between drilling well pairs and utilizing depleted oil and gas reservoirs for thermal storage

项目	钻井	枯竭油气藏	备注
发电收益/万元	54.9252	54.9252	上网价（0.26元/kWh）+ 补贴（0.12元/kWh）
供热收益/万元	89.46369	89.46369	供热售价25元/GJ
总收益/万元	144.38889	144.38889	—
运维成本/万元	42.6	18.6	总投资的3%
净收益/万元	101.78889	125.78889	—
投资回收期/a	13.95044194	4.928893164	—
运行30 a收益/万元	1633.6667	3153.6667	—

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