露头地质认识约束下的砂岩断缝体储层地质建模—以鄂尔多斯盆地泾河油田延长组油层为例

马玉林; 何维领; 秦学杰; 夏冬冬; 伍岳; 彭林佳乐; 冯文杰; 刘洪平

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250420

露头地质认识约束下的砂岩断缝体储层地质建模—以鄂尔多斯盆地泾河油田延长组油层为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250420

马玉林^{1a, 1b,},
何维领²,
秦学杰²,
夏冬冬²,
伍岳²,
彭林佳乐^{1a, 1b},
冯文杰^{1a, 1b},
刘洪平^{1a, 1b, ,}

1a.
长江大学：非常规油气地质与工程湖北省工程研究中心
1b.
长江大学：南方复杂页岩油气地质与开发湖北省重点实验室，武汉 430100
2.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083

基金项目: 中国石化科技部项目（P23174）

详细信息

作者简介:
马玉林：E-mail：myl112211@126.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：liuhongping12@126.com

计量
- 文章访问数: 236
- PDF下载量: 21
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-16
- 录用日期: 2026-01-28
- 修回日期: 2025-11-25
- 网络出版日期: 2026-01-28

Geological modeling of sandstone fault-fracture reservoirs constrained by outcrop geological knowledge: A case study of Yanchang Formation reservoirs in Jinghe Oilfield, Ordos Basin

MA Yulin^{1a, 1b
,},
HE Weiling²,
QIN Xuejie²,
XIA Dongdong²,
WU Yue²,
PENG Linjiale^{1a, 1b},
FENG Wenjie^{1a, 1b},
LIU Hongping^{1a, 1b
, ,}

1a.
Hubei Engineering Research Center of Unconventional Petroleum Geology and Engineering
1b.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Complex Shale Oil and Gas Geology and Development in Southern China, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
2.
Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：myl112211@126.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：liuhongping12@126.com

摘要

摘要:
目的
致密砂岩断缝体油藏内部结构复杂，受钻井资料少、地震分辨率有限制约，断缝体三维地质建模可用约束条件不足，难以构建高精度三维地质模型，制约油气甜点区预测与开发部署。
方法
以鄂尔多斯盆地泾河油田延长组为研究对象，基于无人机倾斜摄影获取的野外露头数据建立断缝体地质认识库，采用断缝体轮廓-内部结构带-内部结构属性三级分层建模思路；断缝体轮廓由露头统计的断缝体规模参数与地震负曲率属性联合约束；内部结构带建模引入裂缝密度波动递减函数，结合各结构带裂缝密度阈值实现分区刻画；以露头、成像测井统计的裂缝参数为输入，采用离散裂缝网络（DFN）开展裂缝建模；物性建模中考虑裂缝对基质储层物性的改造增孔效应。
结果
①鄂南延长组断缝体宽度多集中在 80～160 m，断缝体宽度与断层垂向断距呈对数关系；②断缝体内部划分为破碎带（5～20 m）、裂缝带（15～50 m）与基质带（40～60 m），裂缝密度随距断层距离增加表现为波动递减特征，区别于传统单调递减模型；③各结构单元裂缝参数与露头、成像测井统计结果匹配良好，裂缝发育带基质孔隙度增加系数与裂缝密度正相关；经实钻井校验，建立的地质模型与井资料吻合度可达 75%。
结论
建立露头地质认识库约束下多源数据融合建模方法，解决少井、地震分辨率不足条件下致密砂岩断缝体高精度三维建模难题，可为同类断缝体油藏勘探开发提供技术支撑。
- 鄂尔多斯盆地 /
- 断缝体 /
- 内部结构 /
- 裂缝密度 /
- 三维地质建模
Abstract:
Objective
Tight-sandstone fault-fracture reservoirs controlled by intra-plate strike-slip faults represent important exploration targets in the southern Ordos Basin. Nevertheless, these reservoirs exhibit highly complex internal architectures. Restricted by sparse well datasets and limited seismic resolution, conventional modeling approaches cannot adequately characterize the fine-scale internal structures of small-scale strike-slip fault-fracture bodies, resulting in insufficient geological constraints for high-precision three-dimensional reservoir modeling. These limitations severely constrain sweet-spot identification and reasonable deployment of development wells for tight oil exploitation.
Methods
Taking the Triassic Yanchang Formation of Jinghe Oilfield in the southern Ordos Basin as the research case, this study constructed a geological-knowledge database for fault-fracture reservoirs based on high-resolution outcrop datasets obtained via unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV)-based oblique photogrammetry. A three-level hierarchical modeling workflow was proposed, comprising fault-fracture reservoir outline delineation, internal structural-zone division, and internal reservoir-attribute characterization. The external boundary of fault-fracture reservoirs was jointly constrained by outcrop-derived statistical dimensions and seismic negative-curvature attributes. A fluctuating decreasing function describing fracture-density variation was introduced to characterize fracture attenuation away from faults. Combined with fracture-density thresholds of different structural units, this function enabled quantitative division of internal zones. Constrained by fracture-orientation, height and aperture statistics from outcrop observations and borehole-imaging logs, the discrete fracture network (DFN) technique was adopted to build a 3D fracture model. During the simulation of matrix-reservoir properties, the porosity-enhancement effect induced by fracture development was fully considered.
Results
(1) Field statistics indicated that the width of fault-fracture reservoirs in the study area mainly ranged from 80 m to 160 m, and reservoir width presented a logarithmic correlation with vertical throw of strike-slip faults. (2) Fault-fracture reservoirs were internally divided into three units: crushed zone (5–20 m in width), fracture zone (15–50 m in width), and matrix zone (40–60 m in width). Fracture density showed a fluctuating decline with increasing distance from faults, which differed from conventional monotonic exponential-decay models reported in previous studies. (3) Fracture geometrical parameters of each internal structural unit were consistent with statistical results from outcrop analogues and borehole-imaging logs. The matrix-porosity enhancement coefficient exhibited positive correlation with fracture density. Validation against actual drilling data showed that the established 3D geological model achieved a consistency of up to 75% with well-log interpretation results.
Conclusion
This multi-source-fusion modeling method constrained by outcrop geological knowledge effectively solves the technical bottleneck of high-precision 3D modeling for tight-sandstone fault-fracture reservoirs under sparse-well and low-seismic-resolution conditions. It can provide solid technical support for exploration-development practices in the study area and offers valuable references for research on analogous fault-fracture reservoirs in other cratonic basins.
- Ordos Basin /
- fault-fracture reservoir /
- internal structure /
- fracture density /
- 3D geological modeling

HTML全文

图 1 研究区区域地质概况

a.区域构造位置（据文献[18]修改）；b.研究区三叠系延长组长7段底界面的走滑断裂带分布

Figure 1. Regional geological overview of study area

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图 2 枣林河C4断缝体露头内部结构解剖

Figure 2. Internal structure analysis of C4 fault-fracture reservoir outcrop in Zaolin River

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图 3 断缝体露头内部结构单元类型

Figure 3. Types of internal structural units of fault-fracture reservoir outcrops

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图 4 断缝体露头地质认识体系及模型构建流程

DFN为离散裂缝网格

Figure 4. Geological knowledge system and model construction process of fault-fracture reservoir outcrops

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图 5 断层垂向断距(a)、断层数量(b)和砂地比(c)对断缝体规模的影响（R²为决定系数；下同）

Figure 5. Effects of vertical throw of faults (a), number of faults (b), and sand-to-strata ratio (c) on fault-fracture reservoir size

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图 6 断缝体露头裂缝产状

Figure 6. Fracture attitudes of fault-fracture reservoir outcrops

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图 7 断缝体露头裂缝密度横向变化规律

Figure 7. Lateral variation patterns of fracture density in fault-fracture reservoirs

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图 8 断缝体轮廓模型

Figure 8. Boundary models of fault-fracture reservoirs

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图 9 A1井成像测井柱状图

GR为自然伽马；CAL为井径；SP为自然电位；AC为声波时差；DEN为密度；LLD为深侧向电阻率；LLM为中侧向电阻率；下同

Figure 9. Imaging logging column of well A1

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图 10 断缝体裂缝密度模型

Figure 10. Fracture density model of fault-fracture reservoirs

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图 11 断缝体内部结构模型

Figure 11. Internal structural model of fault-fracture reservoirs

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图 12 A2井测井柱状图

Figure 12. Logging column of well A2

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图 13 离散裂缝网络（DFN）模型

Figure 13. Discrete fracture network (DFN) models

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图 14 断缝体孔隙度模型

Figure 14. Porosity model of fault-fracture reservoirs

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表 1 典型断缝体露头宏观参数

Table 1. Macroscopic parameters of typical fault-fracture reservoir outcrops

剖面名称	形态参数		断层参数			岩性特征
剖面名称	宽度/m	高度/m	断层数量/个	主断层断距/m	次级断层断距/m	砂地比	岩性组合
枣林河A	95.6	25.2	1	1.3	—	0.88	厚层砂岩
枣林河B	65.0	5.4	2	0.5	0.4	0.42	砂泥互层
枣林河C1	107.4	10.3	1	0.6	—	0.70	厚层砂岩
枣林河C2	111.6	11.2	1	2.7	—	0.69	厚层砂岩
枣林河C3	177.0	12.3	3	5.1	0.6/1	0.80	厚层砂岩
枣林河C4	130.5	11.4	2	3.6	3.5	0.75	厚层砂岩
三水河大桥	166.0	20.2	1	10	—	0.54	砂泥互层
底庄	122.0	15.3	1	2.4	—	0.37	砂泥互层
马宝泉	113.2	10.3	2	0.4	0.3	0.97	厚层砂岩

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表 2 典型断缝体露头裂缝参数

Table 2. Fracture parameters of typical fault-fracture reservoir outcrops

内部结构带类型	破碎带	裂缝带	基质带
带宽度范围/m	5～20	15～50	40～60
带宽度占比/%	15～25	35～40	35～50
裂缝密度范围/(条·m⁻¹)	3～6	1.5～3	0.5～1.5
平均裂缝密度/(条·m⁻¹)	3.5	2.5	1
裂缝高度集中范围/m	4.5～8.2	4.2～6.5	1.4～3.5
平均裂缝高度/m	5.63	4.62	1.77
裂缝开度集中范围/cm	0.8～13.7	1～1.5	0～0.5
平均裂缝开度/cm	9.41	1.25	0.05
裂缝倾角范围/(°)	67～90	75～90	84～90

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