库车坳陷克拉苏构造带“原油裂解气”假象及成因

薛凯文; 徐耀辉; 王惠君; 张科; 赵娅; 何家仪; 曾强浩; 何涛华

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250384

库车坳陷克拉苏构造带“原油裂解气”假象及成因

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250384

薛凯文^{1a, 1b,},
徐耀辉^{1a, 1b},
王惠君²,
张科³,
赵娅^{1a, 1b},
何家仪^{1a, 1b},
曾强浩^{1a, 1b},
何涛华^{1a, 1b, ,}

1a.
长江大学：资源与环境学院
1b.
长江大学：油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室，武汉 430100
2.
中国石油化工股份有限公司江汉油田勘探开发研究院，武汉 430223
3.
中国石油天然气股份有限公司塔里木油田公司分公司勘探开发研究院，新疆库尔勒 841000

基金项目: 项目授予单位库车坳陷油气源精细对比及成藏期次研究

详细信息

作者简介:
薛凯文：E-mail：842436593@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：hetaohua@yangtzeu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 62
- PDF下载量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-20
- 录用日期: 2025-11-10
- 修回日期: 2025-10-27
- 网络出版日期: 2026-02-28

Apparent phenomenon and origin of "oil-cracking gas" in Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

XUE Kaiwen^{1a, 1b
,},
XU Yaohui^{1a, 1b},
WANG Huijun²,
ZHANG Ke³,
ZHAO Ya^{1a, 1b},
HE Jiayi^{1a, 1b},
ZENG Qianghao^{1a, 1b},
HE Taohua^{1a, 1b
, ,}

1a.
College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University
1b.
Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
2.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, Jianghan Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Wuhan 430223, China
3.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, Tarim Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Korla Xinjiang 841000, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：842436593@qq.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：hetaohua@yangtzeu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
塔里木盆地库车坳陷克拉苏构造带深层−超深层天然气资源丰富，气藏普遍表现出高演化特征。克拉−克深井区天然气在经典天然气成因图版ln(C₁/C₂)和ln(C₂/C₃)上呈现出“原油裂解气”特征，然而该区缺乏有效的Ⅰ-Ⅱ型干酪根和原油来源，判识结果与实际地质条件不匹配。为查明该区“原油裂解气”假象及成因，需深入研究其地球化学特征。选取克拉苏构造带EW向2个典型区块（博孜和克拉−克深）作为研究对象，采用黄金管热模拟实验、天然气组分及气体碳同位素分析等方法，系统分析不同源岩天然气的热演化特征；基于ln(C₂/C₃)−ln(C₁/C₂)交会图，建立库车坳陷克拉苏地区天然气混源定量解析模型。丁烷和戊烷异构化参数(iC₄/ nC₄>1.0且iC₅/ nC₅>1.0)表明克拉苏地区天然气为干酪根裂解气；混源比例计算结果显示，克拉−克深地区天然气主要来源于成熟煤系烃源岩，其贡献比例普遍超过80%；而博孜地区天然气主要来源于湖相泥岩，煤系气贡献比例仅约30%。克拉苏地区天然气并非原油裂解气，而是不同类型干酪根在高−过成熟阶段的裂解产物，其在经典判识图版上呈现的“原油裂解气”特征系高演化程度所致。研究成果揭示了高演化条件下深层天然气成因判识的复杂性，建立了混源气定量解析方法，为库车坳陷及类似高演化盆地深层天然气勘探提供了理论依据。
- 库车坳陷 /
- 克拉苏构造带 /
- 原油裂解气 /
- 干酪根裂解气 /
- 混源气 /
- 深层−超深层 /
- ln(C₂/C₃)−ln(C₁/C₂)
Abstract: Objective
The Kelasu structural belt of the Kuqa Depression in the Tarim Basin hosts abundant deep to ultra-deep natural gas resources, and the reservoirs generally exhibit a high degree of thermal maturity. Natural gas from the Kela-Keshen area exhibits a characteristic "oil-cracking gas" signature on the conventional genetic diagram of ln(C₂/C₃₎ versus ln(C₁/C₂). However, this interpretation is inconsistent with the geological reality, as the area lacks effective Type Ⅰ-Ⅱ kerogen and oil sources, resulting in a discrepancy between the inferred gas origin and the actual geological conditions. To elucidate the apparent “oil-cracking gas” phenomenon and its genetic mechanism in this area, an in-depth investigation of the geochemical characteristics is required.
Methods
Two representative blocks along the East-West trend of the Kelasu structural belt (Bozi and Kela-Keshen) were selected as study areas. Gold-tube thermal simulation experiments, natural gas compositional analyses, and carbon isotope analysis of natural gas were conducted to systematically investigate the thermal evolution characteristics of natural gas derived from different source rocks. On the basis of the ln(C₂/C₃) versus ln(C₁/C₂) crossplot, a quantitative analytical model for mixed-source interpretation of natural gas in the Kelasu area of the Kuqa Depression was established.
Results
Butane and pentane isomerization parameters (iC₄/nC₄>1.0 and iC₅/nC₅ > 1.0) indicated that natural gas in the Kelasu area was kerogen-cracking gas. Mixed-source proportion calculations revealed that natural gas in the Kela-Keshen area was primarily derived from mature coal-bearing source rocks, with contribution ratios commonly exceeding 80%. In contrast, natural gas in the Bozi area was mainly sourced from lacustrine mudstone, with coal-derived gas contributing only approximately 30%.
Conclusions
Natural gas in the Kelasu area is not oil-cracking gas, but rather represents cracking products from different kerogen types at high to over-mature stages. The apparent "oil-cracking gas" characteristics displayed on classical identification plots result from the high degree of thermal evolution. The results reveal the complexity of deep natural gas genesis under high evolution conditions, and establish the quantitative analysis method of mixed source gas, which provides a theoretical basis for deep natural gas exploration in Kuqa Depression and similar high evolution basins.
- Kuqa Depression /
- Kelasu structural belt /
- oil-cracking gas /
- kerogen-cracking gas /
- mixed-source gas /
- deep to ultra deep /
- ln(C₂/C₃)−ln(C₁/C₂)

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图 1 研究区地质概况

Figure 1. Geological profile of the study area

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图 2 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带天然气碳同位素折线图

Figure 2. Carbon isotope variation curves of natural gas in Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

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图 3 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带烃源岩的w(TOC)与S₁+S₂交会图

Figure 3. Cross-plot of w(TOC) versus (S₁+S₂) of source rocks in Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

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图 4 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带湖相泥岩和炭质泥岩各热演化阶段下的CH₄产率(a)，C₂～C₅产率(b)，干燥系数(c)和C₆₊产率(d)

EqR_o. 等效镜质体反射率；C₆₊. 碳原子数≥6的烃类化合物总称

Figure 4. Hydrocarbon yields of lacustrine and carbonaceous mudstones at different stages of thermal maturation in Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression: CH₄ yields (a), C₂-C₅ yields (b), drying index (c), and C₆+ yields (d)

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图 5 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带天然气δ¹³C₁−δ¹³C₂−δ¹³C₃对应关系

Figure 5. Ternary relationship among methane, ethane, and propane carbon isotopes (δ¹³C₁−δ¹³C₂−δ¹³C₃) in natural gas from Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

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图 6 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带C₁/(C₂+C₃)与δ¹³C₁关系图（据文献[34]修改）

R_o. 镜质体反射率；TSR. 硫酸盐热化学还原反应；下同

Figure 6. Genetic diagram of C₁/(C₂+C₃) vs. δ¹³C₁ ratios of natural gas from Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

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图 7 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带天然气ln(C₂/C₃)与ln(C₁/C₂)关系图（据文献[4]修改）

Figure 7. Genetic diagram of ln(C₂/C₃) vs. ln(C₁/C₂) of natural gas from Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

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图 8 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带天然气iC₅/nC₅与iC₄/nC₄对应关系（据文献[37]修改）

Figure 8. Genetic diagram of iC₅/nC₅ vs. iC₄/nC₄ ratios for natural gases from Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

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图 9 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带天然气碳同位素(δ¹³C₂与δ¹³C₁)组成交会图

Figure 9. Cross-plot of carbon isotopic compositions (δ¹³C₂ and δ¹³C₁) of natural gas in Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

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图 10 库车坳陷人工井位热史埋藏史图

Triassic. 三叠纪；Upper Triassic. 晚三叠世；Jurassic. 侏罗纪；Lower Jurassic. 早侏罗世；M Jur. 中侏罗世；Upper Jurassic. 晚侏罗世；Cretaceous. 白垩纪；Lower Cretaceous. 早白垩世；Upper Cretaceous. 晚白垩世；Paleogene. 古近纪；Plc. 古新世；Eocene. 始新世；Oli. 渐新世；Neogene. 新近纪；Miocene. 中新世；Q. 第四系；N₂k. 库车组；N_1-2k. 康村−库车组；N₁j. 吉迪克组；E_2-3s. 苏维依组；E_1-2km. 库姆格列木组；K. 白垩系；J₃. 上侏罗统；J₂. 中侏罗统；J₁. 下侏罗统；T₃. 上三叠统；下同

Figure 10. Reconstructed burial and thermal histories of simulated well in Kuqa Depression

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图 11 库车坳陷人工井位成熟度与地质历史时期的关系图

Figure 11. Relationship between maturity and geological historical periods at simulated well in Kuqa Depression

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图 12 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带天然气混源解析图

Figure 12. Unmixing analysis diagram for mixed natural gas from Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

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表 1 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带不同地区天然气的组分分布特征

Table 1. Compositional distribution characteristics of natural gas in different areas in Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

地区	井位	埋深/m	层位	气体组分$ \varphi_{\mathrm{B}} $/%									干燥系数/%
地区	井位	埋深/m	层位	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	iC₄H₁₀	nC₄H₁₀	iC₅H₁₂	nC₅H₁₂	N₂	CO₂	干燥系数/%
博孜地区	BZ9井	>6000	K	86.20	3.65	1.300	0.290	0.330	0.090	0.060	1.74	0.48	93.80
	BZ11井	7306～7336.5	K₁bs	89.40	4.05	1.460	2.060	1.560	0.080	0.050	1.16	1.16	90.60
	BZ12井	>6000	K	88.06	3.16	1.150	2.360	1.920	0.030	0.020	1.03	0.69	91.13
克拉地区	KL2-1井	3548～3705	K	98.40	0.52	0.028	0.005	0.007	0.002	0.002	0.52	0.56	99.43
	KL2-J2井	5039～5458.5	K	96.10	0.50	0.045	0.007	0.009	0.003	0.002	0.58	2.90	99.42
	KL201井	3770～3795	K₁bs	97.70	0.80	0.100	0.006	0.007	0.002	0.002	0.48	0.57	99.07
	KL201井	4 016～4021	K₁bs	96.88	0.75	0.050	0.012	0.045	0.027	0.026	1.29	0.17	99.09
	KL204井	3925～3930	K₁bs	98.29	0.50	0.020	0.002	0.005	0.001	0.001	0.56	0.64	99.47
克深地区	KS14井	7100～7115	K₁bs	94.59	0.58	0.048	0.010	0.011	0.006	0.004	2.57	1.59	99.31
	KS24井	6280～6483	K₁bs	97.53	0.35	0.014	0.001	0.003	0.001	0.001	1.10	0.83	99.62
	KS5井	>4500	K₁bs	97.12	0.37	0.014	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	1.63	0.55	99.60
	KS6井	5605～5653	K₁bs	98.00	0.59	0.037	0.005	0.009	0.004	0.003	0.70	0.68	99.35
	KS13-5井	7402～7464	K₁bs	94.85	0.76	0.1224	0.048	0.052	0.027	0.017	1.45	1.34	98.93
注：K. 白垩系；K₁bs. 下白垩统巴什基奇克组；下同

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表 2 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带不同地区天然气碳同位素分布特征

Table 2. Carbon isotope distribution characteristics of natural gas in different areas in Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

地区	井位	深度/m	层位	气体组分碳同位素比值，V-PDB/‰
地区	井位	深度/m	层位	δ¹³C_CO2	δ¹³C₁	δ¹³C₂	δ¹³C₃	δ¹³iC₄	δ¹³nC₄
博孜地区	BZ9井	>6000	K	—	−39.60	−24.70	−22.20	−22.90	−21.60
	BZ11井	7306～7336.5	K₁bs	—	−38.19	−25.65	−23.95	−25.16	−23.63
	BZ12井	>6000	K	—	−37.50	−25.50	−23.90	−25.50	−24.30
克拉地区	KL2-1井	3548～3705	K	—	−26.40	−17.80	−19.60	−22.10	−20.70
	KL2-J2井	5039～5458.5	K	−1.78	−27.15	−18.64	−20.59	−19.03	−20.71
	KL201井	3770～3795	K₁bs	−22.57	−27.19	−17.87	−19.14	—	−19.90
	KL201井	4016～4021	K₁bs	−18.58	−27.32	−19.00	−19.54	—	−21.17
	KL204井	3925～3930	K₁bs	—	−26.70	−19.00	−19.80	—	−20.90
克深地区	KS14井	7100～7115	K₁bs	—	−28.40	−16.00	−18.30	−21.10	−19.60
	KS24井	6280～6483	K₁bs	—	−26.90	−16.90	−17.20	—	−18.00
	KS5井	>4500	K₁bs	−10.70	−26.50	−17.80	−19.20	−24.80	−28.20
	KS6井	5605～5653	K₁bs	—	−28.30	−16.10	−17.80	—	−22.00
	KS13-5井	7402～7464	K₁bs	−2.03	−29.02	−17.65	−17.69	−17.36	−19.17
注：iC₄. 异丁烷；nC₄. 正丁烷；下同

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表 3 库车坳陷克拉苏构造带2个典型烃源岩的地球化学特征

Table 3. Geochemical characteristics of two typical source rocks in Kelasu structural belt of Kuqa Depression

井号	地层	深度/m	岩性	w（TOC）/%	S₁/(mg HC·g⁻¹)	S₂/(mg HC·g⁻¹)	HI/(mg·g⁻¹)	T_max/℃
QQ1井	J₂q	221.5	湖相泥岩	2.10	0.23	7.23	344	423.5
KQ1井	T₃t	462.1	炭质泥岩	28.6	0.64	35.63	125	428.3
注：J₂q. 侏罗系恰克马克组；T₃t. 三叠系塔里奇克组；S₁. 游离烃；S₂. 热解烃；T_max. 最大热解峰温；HI. 氢指数；下同

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