Control of NW-trending Basement Faults on Cenozoic Basin Evolution in the Lishui east Sag, East China Sea Basin
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摘要:
NW向构造是东海盆地裂陷结构“南北分块”的主导因素,但关于其具体如何控制盆地构造演化的研究较少。本文以东海盆地丽东洼陷为例,对这一问题展开研究。基于丽东洼陷新采集的
1400 km2高精度三维地震资料,开展了基底构造、新生代多幕裂陷结构、断裂系统及岩浆活动的解释与分析。研究揭示丽东洼陷基底发育了4条具右行扭动特征的NW向转换带(TZ1-TZ4),在裂陷期与裂后期存在不同程度的活动。①裂陷期,NW向转换带调节裂陷结构沿走向的变化,致使NE向断层在转换带部位发生分叉、扭曲或转为NW向,进而分隔NE向构造单元,促使盆地演化为“东西分带、南北分块”结构。其中,裂陷Ⅰ幕月桂峰期4个转换带内的NW向基底断层普遍活动,限定或半限定次洼边界;裂陷Ⅱ幕灵峰期TZ2和TZ3持续活动,TZ1和TZ4活动减弱,且NW向转换带的活动段向SE方向迁移。②裂后期,NW向基底断层对断层的发育仍具有控制作用,伸展断裂在NW向转换带内更发育,且带内断裂转为EW走向并呈右阶雁行排列。此外,NW向基底断层还控制了洼陷东部雁荡凸起上NW向沟谷体系的发育并成为裂后期火山通道的优势发育部位。3)结合地震资料与前人研究成果,认为丽东洼陷的NW向基底断层可能起源于中生代印支期NW向逆冲断裂系。总体而言,NW向基底断层在丽东洼陷整个新生代裂陷结构、断裂体系、岩浆活动以及沉积物源通道的演化中均发挥了重要作用。本研究不仅为深入理解东海盆地的构造演化提供了重要依据,也将丰富基底先存断层对裂谷盆地控制作用的认识。Abstract:ObjectiveNW-trending structures dominate the "north–south segmentation" of the rift architecture in the East China Sea Basin, yet studies on their specific control mechanisms on basin evolution remain poorly constrained. We investigate this issue using the Lishui East Sag as a case study.
MethodsBased on newly acquired
1400 km2 high-precision 3D seismic data from the Lishui East Sag, we interpreted and analyzed the basement structure, Cenozoic multi-phase rift architecture, fault systems, and magmatic activity within the Lishui East Sag.ResultsOur results reveal four NW-trending dextral transfer zones (TZ1–TZ4) in the Lishui East Sag, which exhibit varying degrees of activity during both the rifting stage and the post-rifting stage. (1) During the syn-rift stage, the NW-trending transfer zones accommodated variations of rift architecture along strike, and NE-trending faults bifurcated, were distorted, and transitioned into NW-trending fault segments. These NW-trending transfer zones separated NE-trending structural units and eventually led to the development of a "east–west zonation and north–south segmentation" architecture of the basin. During the rifting Phase I (Yueguifeng stage), NW-trending basement faults within the four transfer zones were all active. They defined or partially defined the boundaries of the sub-sags. During the rifting Phase II (Lingfeng stage), TZ2 and TZ3 remained active, while the activity of TZ1 and TZ4 was greatly weakened. Besides, the active segments along the NW-trending transfer zones migrated southeastward. (2) During the post-rift stage, the NW-trending basement faults continued to influence fault development. Faults within the NW-trending transfer zones are more developed, and they reoriented to an E–W strike, forming right-stepping en echelon patterns. Additionally, the NW-trending basement faults controlled the development of NW-trending valleys on the eastern Yandang uplift and served as preferential pathways for volcanic conduits during the post-rift stage. (3) Integrating seismic data and previous studies, we propose that the NW-trending basement faults originate from the Mesozoic Indosinian NW-trending thrust fault system.
ConclusionIn summary, the NW-trending basement faults play a crucial role throughout the Cenozoic evolution of the Lishui East Sag, governing its rift architecture, fault systems, magmatic activity, and sediment source pathways. This study provides significant insights into the tectonic evolution of the East China Sea Basin and enhances our understanding of how pre-existing basement faults control rift basin development.
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图 1 东海盆地(a)及丽水凹陷(b)构造单元图(据文献[41]修改)
Figure 1. Sub-units of (a) the East China Sea Shelf Basin and (b) the Lishui Sag.
图 2 丽水凹陷构造沉积演化(据文献[41]修改)
Figure 2. Summary of tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Lishui depression
图 3 丽水凹陷基底地貌图(a)、Tg界面断层边界(b)和丽东洼陷基底地貌图(c)
a图范围见图1b中三维地震资料区(蓝色虚线框内)。TZ1~TZ4为断层转换带编号;①~⑤为次级洼陷编号;下同
Figure 3. (a) Basement geomorphologic map of the Lishui depression; (b) Fault polygons of the Tg surface; (c) Basement geomorphologic map of the Lishui east Sag. Note: TZ1–TZ4 represent transfer zones. Sub-sags in Fig3c are labeled ①-⑤.
图 4 横跨丽水凹陷的地震剖面(a, b)和丽东洼陷西部斜坡局部剖面放大图(c)
a. 原始剖面;b. 解释剖面。剖面A—A'位置见图3a;T85为地震反射界面编号,其余编号含义类似;下同
Figure 4. (a-b) Seismic section across the Lishui depression (see Fig. 3a for location); (c) Enlarged seismic section of the western slope of Lishui east sag
图 5 月桂峰组残余厚度图(a)和原型厚度图(b)
a,b图范围见图1b中三维地震资料区(蓝色实线框内)
Figure 5. (a) Residual thickness map of the Yueguifeng Formation; (b) Restored paleo-thickness map of the Yueguifeng Formation.
图 6 过丽东洼陷各次级洼陷地震剖面
a,b,e,f. 原始剖面;c,d,g,h. 解释剖面。剖面位置见图5b
Figure 6. Seismic sections across sub-sags of the Lishui east sag
图 7 过NW向转换带典型地震解释剖面(剖面位置见图5a)
Figure 7. Typical seismic sections across the NW-trending transfer zones (see Fig. 5a for locations).
图 9 裂后期T50界面构造图(a)、方差体属性时间切片(−
1850 ms)(b)和方差体属性沿T50界面层切片(c)a~c图范围见图1b中三维地震资料区(蓝色实线框内)
Figure 9. (a) The T50 structural map during the post-rift stage (T50 structural map); (b) Time Variance Slice(−
1850 ms);(c) Horizon Variance Slice (T50)图 11 丽东洼陷裂后期断裂负花状构造典型地震解释剖面(剖面位置见图3b)
Figure 11. Typical seismic interpretation profile of negative flower structure of faults during post-rift in Lishui east Sag (see Fig. 3b for location).
图 12 丽东洼陷东部雁荡凸起上沟谷构造地形背景(a)及典型剖面(b)(剖面位置见图3c)
Figure 12. (a) Topographic Background and (b) Typical Profile Map of Sediment-Routing Pathways on Yandang uplift of the Lishui east Sag. (see Fig. 3c for location).
图 13 丽东洼陷岩浆通道典型剖面(a)及局部放大图(b)(剖面位置见图12a)
Figure 13. (a) Typical profile and (b) local enlargement of magma conduit system of the Lishui east Sag. (see Fig. 12a for location)
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