New advances in exploration and prospecting potential of phosphate deposits in Yushan-Zhongping area, central Guizhou
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摘要:
玉山−中坪地区是黔中近年新发现的大型隐伏磷矿集区，针对贵州省优质磷矿找矿靶区紧缺的窘境，为全省新一轮找矿突破战略行动提供靶区支撑，结合该区近年磷矿勘查成果展开研究。分析区内含矿岩系洋水组 b 矿层厚度、品位变化规律及矿体埋深、成矿潜力，并与开阳−息烽、瓮安−福泉两大典型磷矿集区开展对比研究，综合评价该区找矿前景。研究表明：该地区在地理位置、成矿及岩相古地理环境上处于 “开阳式” 与 “瓮福式” 磷矿的过渡地带，兼具二者核心特征；洋水组 b 矿层厚度、品位整体自北向南逐步增大；该地区至南部瓮安−福泉矿集区，矿体埋藏标高并非持续加深，反而有可能增大或无大变化，并预测了该地区可能的由于原生古地理沉积和后期构造作用形成的 4 种磷矿体埋藏模式；同时发现该地区富磷矿体主要赋存于 b 矿层中间位置，且多发育在深色致密块状磷块岩中。该区南部的 “过渡带空白区”具有较大的超大型磷矿富集区找矿潜力，可作为贵州省未来稀缺的优质磷矿找矿靶区进行战略储备，研究成果对贵州省 “富矿精开” 战略实施具有重要现实指导价值。
Abstract:The Yushan-Zhongping area is a large concealed phosphate ore concentration area newly discovered in recent years in Central Guizhou, where Guizhou Province, as a national strategic reserve base for phosphate ore resources, is currently facing an acute shortage of high-quality phosphate prospecting targets due to the fierce competition in prospecting project approval in the three traditional phosphate ore concentration areas.
ObjectiveThis study aims to address the critical dilemma of the scarcity of high-quality phosphate ore prospecting targets in Guizhou Province, and to explore the potential of new high-quality phosphate ore resources in Central Guizhou so as to provide a reliable target support for the new round of prospecting breakthrough strategic actions in the whole province. Based on the recent exploration achievements of phosphate deposits in the Yushan-Zhongping area, this research carries out an in-depth study on the regional phosphate metallogenic potential.
MethodsWe systematically analyze the spatial variation laws of thickness and grade of the b ore layer of the Yangshui Formation, and conduct a comprehensive study on the burial depth characteristics of ore bodies and the regional metallogenic potential of phosphate deposits. In addition, we carry out a systematic comparative study with two typical phosphate ore concentration areas in Guizhou Province, namely Kaiyang-Xifeng and Weng’an-Fuquan, from the perspectives of metallogenic characteristics, ore layer properties and ore body occurrence laws. On this basis, the prospecting potential of the Yushan-Zhongping area is comprehensively evaluated by combining the regional geological setting and drilling engineering data.
ResultsThe results show that the Yushan-Zhongping area is located in the transition zone between the "Kaiyang-type" and "Wengfu-type" phosphate deposits in terms of geographical location, metallogenic characteristics and lithofacies paleogeographic environment, and it comprehensively possesses the core metallogenic characteristics of both types of phosphate deposits. The thickness and grade of the b ore layer of the Yangshui Formation in this area show a gradual increasing trend from north to south on the whole, reflecting the optimization of regional metallogenic conditions in the southward direction. From the Yushan-Zhongping area to the southern Weng’an-Fuquan phosphate ore concentration area, the burial elevation of phosphate ore bodies is not continuously decreasing with the extension of the ore belt, but may increase or remain basically unchanged instead. We have divided four burial models of phosphate ore bodies in this area, which are dominated by two genetic types: primary paleogeographic sedimentation and late tectonic movement. Furthermore, a unique occurrence law of phosphate-rich ore bodies in this area is discovered: the phosphate-rich ore bodies are mainly hosted in the middle part of the b ore body, and most of them develop in the dark dense massive phosphorite, with the ore grade positively correlated with the color depth of the phosphorite.
ConclusionThe "transition zone blank area" in the southern part of the Yushan-Zhongping area has superior metallogenic geological conditions, and it has great prospecting potential for forming a giant phosphate ore enrichment area. This area can be used as a strategic reserve of scarce high-quality phosphate ore prospecting targets for the future development of Guizhou Province. The research results not only enrich the metallogenic theory of phosphate deposits in the transition zone of Central Guizhou, but also provide important practical guiding value for the implementation of the "intensive development of rich ore" strategy in Guizhou Province and the sustainable development and utilization of regional phosphate ore resources.
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图 3 矿区含磷岩系（含矿层）及其矿心分布图
Figure 3. Distribution map of phosphorus-bearing rock series (ore-bearing horizon) and drill cores in mining area
图 4 矿区08勘查线矿体分布剖面图（局部）
Figure 4. Profile of ore body distribution along exploration line 08 in mining area (partial)
图 5 矿区矿体及富磷矿体产出规律(a)及倾向钻孔平面轨迹(b)
Figure 5. Occurrence patterns of ore bodies and phosphate-rich ore bodies (a) and planar trajectory of dip-direction boreholes (b) in mining area
图 6 矿区磷矿石结构及构造图
a. 磷质砂屑被大量的石英、白云石等填隙物胶结，呈不等晶砂屑、球粒结构（光片-）；b. 球粒状磷质及砂屑状磷质颗粒被白云石、石英及微量铁泥质胶结，呈不等晶砂屑、球粒结构（光片-）；c. 大量隐藻生物群化石组成球状外形和同心圆状构造，呈藻灰结构（光片-）；d. 原生球粒状磷质基底被后期硅质胶结，磷质呈球粒状，形成球粒结构（光片-）；e. 磷质呈隐晶质致密分布，不见颗粒，呈凝胶结构（光片-）；f. 石英呈不规则团块状、脉状状胶结磷块岩，呈斑杂状构造；g. 磷块岩表面几乎不见白云石、石英等杂质，呈致密块状构造；h. 大量石英颗粒呈椭圆状分布于磷块岩表面，呈碎屑状构造；i. 磷酸盐条带和以白云石杂质为主的条带交互构成，深色（磷矿）与浅色（杂质）相间分布，呈条带状构造
Figure 6. Textural and structural characteristics of phosphate ores in mining area
图 7 处在过渡带的玉山−中坪地区区域分布示意图
Figure 7. Regional distribution map of Yushan-Zhongping area in transition zone
图 8 研究区b矿层厚度(a)、品位(b)等值线变化趋势图
Figure 8. Contour maps of thickness (a) and grade variation (b) of b ore layer in the study area
图 9 “过渡带空白区”矿体埋深变化趋势图
Figure 9. Contour map of ore body burial depth variation in "transition zone blank area"
图 10 “过渡带空白区”预测的4种磷矿体埋藏模式剖面图
Figure 10. Profiles of four predicted burial models of phosphate ore bodies in "transition zone blank area"
表 1 矿区3个地区洋水组含矿层基本特征对比
Table 1. Comparison of basic characteristics of ore-bearing layers in Yangshui Formation across three areas in mining area
基本特征 开阳−息烽矿集区 玉山−中坪地区 瓮安−福泉矿集区 成矿时代 震旦系陡山沱期 矿床类型 海相生物−化学沉积磷矿床 海相生物−化学沉积磷矿床 海相生物−化学沉积磷矿床 顶、底板
围岩顶板为灯影组白云岩、底板为洋水组砂质
白云岩、海绿石砂岩及石英砂岩顶板为灯影组硅质白云岩、底板为洋水组
白云岩、砂质白云岩顶板为灯影组团块状硅化白云岩夹少量泥岩，底板为洋水组含磷质白云岩、泥晶白云岩 矿石结构 以砂砾屑结构、球粒结构为主 以砂砾屑结构、球粒结构为主，次为
凝胶结构、藻灰结构以砂砾屑结构、球粒结构为主 矿石类
型/构造以致密块状磷块岩、砂屑状磷块岩、条带状
磷块岩为主，伴有叠层石状磷块岩以碎屑状、条带状、致密块状磷块岩为主，
有少量斑杂状磷块岩以条纹条带状、碎屑状磷块岩为主 矿石矿物 氟磷灰石为主，矿物单一，杂质少 以碳氟磷灰石为主，杂质多 碳氟磷灰石为主，杂质多 脉石矿物 以白云石为主，伴有少量石英、炭质、
黄铁矿以白云石为主，次为石英、黏土、炭质、
铁泥质和黄铁矿等以白云石为主，其次为石英、少量黄铁矿、
方解石、黏土矿物等矿层数量 1层（b矿层） 1～2层（主要为b矿层，a矿层间断分布） 2层（a矿层、b矿层） 矿床规模 约14亿t、富磷矿占比85%以上 超大型规模、富磷矿占比30%～40% 约18亿t、富磷矿占比10%～35% 矿层厚度 b矿层稳定，厚度集中在3～7 m
（中薄矿体）b矿层达到中厚矿体，a矿层分布不连续，
厚度小b矿层厚度不稳定，集中在10～40 m
（中厚～厚矿体），a矿层厚度稳定矿石质量 Ⅰ级品为主（品位30%以上） Ⅱ、Ⅰ级品为主，少量Ⅲ级品 Ⅱ级品为主，少量Ⅰ、Ⅲ级品 
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