强变形构造区多层含水系统承压水运移规律识别

常威; 颜慧明; 邓争荣; 齐凌轩; 耿军民; 季怀松; 谭健基; 黄琨

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250322

强变形构造区多层含水系统承压水运移规律识别

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250322

常威^{1, 2, 3,},
颜慧明^{1, 2, 3},
邓争荣^{1, 2},
齐凌轩^{1, 2, 3},
耿军民^{1, 2},
季怀松⁴,
谭健基⁴,
黄琨^4, ,

长江勘测规划设计研究院有限责任公司，武汉 430010
长江岩土工程有限公司，武汉 430010
水利部长江治理与保护重点实验室，武汉 430010
中国地质大学（武汉）环境学院，武汉 430078

基金项目: 水利部长江治理与保护重点实验室科研项目（CX2022Z03-3）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（42272288）

详细信息

作者简介:
常威：E-mail：1195079793@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：cugdr_huang@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641.2；TU457
计量
- 文章访问数: 315
- PDF下载量: 23
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-10
- 录用日期: 2026-04-10
- 修回日期: 2026-03-02
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-10

Identification of confined groundwater migration patterns in multi-layer aquifer systems of strong deformation tectonic zones

CHANG Wei^{1, 2, 3
,},
YAN Huiming^{1, 2, 3},
DENG Zhengrong^{1, 2},
QI Lingxuan^{1, 2, 3},
GENG Junmin^{1, 2},
JI Huaisong⁴,
TAN Jianji⁴,
HUANG Kun^{4
, ,}

Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
Changjiang Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Management and Protection, Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan 430010, China
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：1195079793@qq.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：cugdr_huang@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
强变形构造区多层岩溶含水系统结构空间上变化强烈，地下水赋存运移规律复杂多变，给深埋引水隧洞的突涌水风险预测带来巨大挑战。在建引江补汉工程输水隧洞横穿金斗−鞍子寨强变形构造区，多个勘探钻孔揭露高压力、大流量的承压水，隧洞施工遭遇突涌水风险极高。综合采用水文地质钻探、孔内电视录像、水化学、同位素、水文动态监测等多方法手段，识别了多层含水系统承压水的补给、赋存和运移规律。研究表明，金斗−鞍子寨复式背斜垂向上为多个岩溶含水层与隔水层相间的互层结构,岩溶发育弱，含水介质以裂隙为主；承压水径流途径较长、循环更替较慢、不能直接接受现代降雨快速补给；地下水运移受地形、构造等共同控制，总体由WS向EN方向径流，承压水通过断层向上排泄。补给区地势高、径流途径长、排泄通道窄是高水头承压水形成的根本原因，隧洞在穿越断层破碎带、褶皱核部、含水层与隔水层交界处部位时存在高压突涌水风险，涌水来源为地下水静储量释放为主，研究成果可为类似强烈变形构造区深埋隧洞水害识别提供参考。
- 强变形构造区 /
- 多层含水系统 /
- 承压水 /
- 引江补汉工程 /
- 高压突涌水 /
- 运移规律
Abstract:
Objective
In strong deformation tectonic zones, the structure of multi-layer karst aquifer systems exhibits significant spatial variability, leading to complex and variable characteristics of groundwater occurrence and migration. This presents considerable challenges for predicting water inrush risks in deep-buried water diversion tunnels. The water conveyance tunnel of the under-construction Yangtze-to-Han River Water Diversion Project traverses the Jindou-Anzizhai strong deformation zone, where multiple exploration boreholes have exposed confined water with high pressure and large flow rates, resulting in an extremely high risk of water inrush during tunnel construction.
Methods
A comprehensive combination of hydrogeological drilling, borehole television imaging, hydrochemical analysis, isotopic tracing, and hydrodynamic monitoring techniques was employed to systematically identify the recharge, occurrence, and migration patterns of confined water in the multi-layer aquifer system.
Results
The Jindou-Anzizhai composite anticline is characterized by an interbedded structure of alternating karst aquifers and aquitards, with weak karst development and fracture-dominated water-bearing media. The confined water is characterized by long runoff paths, slow circulation renewal, and the inability to receive direct and rapid recharge from modern precipitation. Groundwater migration is jointly controlled by topographic and tectonic factors, with an overall runoff direction from Southwest to Northeast, and the confined water is discharged upward through faults.
Conclusion
High recharge elevation, long runoff paths, and narrow discharge channels are the fundamental factors governing the formation of high-head confined water. The tunnel is prone to high-pressure water inrush risks when crossing fault fracture zones, fold cores, and the interfaces between aquifers and aquitards in strong deformation tectonic zones, and water inrush is mainly attributed to the release of static groundwater reserves. The research can provide a valuable reference for water hazard identification in deep-buried tunnels located in similar strong deformation tectonic zones.
- strong deformation tectonic zone /
- multi-layer aquifer system /
- confined groundwater /
- Yangtze-to-Han River Water Diversion Project /
- high-pressure water inrush /
- migration pattern

HTML全文

图 1 金斗−鞍子寨复式背斜水文地质平面图

Є. 寒武系；O. 奥陶系；Q. 第四系；S. 志留系；O₁. 下奥陶统；O₂₊₃. 中上奥陶统；O₁n. 下奥陶统南津关组；Є₃sn. 上寒武统三游洞组；Є₂qn. 中寒武统覃家庙组；Є₁sh. 下寒武统石龙洞组；Є₁t. 下寒武统天河板组；Є₁sp. 下寒武统石牌组；Є₁s. 下寒武统水井沱组；Є₁. 下寒武统；Є₂. 中寒武统；Є₁. 上寒武统；Z₂. 中震旦统；Z₂dn. 中震旦统灯影组；Z₂d. 中震旦统陡山沱组；Pt. 元古界；下同

Figure 1. Hydrogeological Plan of Jindou-Anzizhai Complex Anticline

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图 2 输水隧洞水文地质剖面图

Figure 2. Hydrogeological profile of the water conveyance tunnel

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图 3 研究区不同水体Piper三线图

Figure 3. Piper maps of different types of water

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图 4 研究区不同水体$\gamma({\mathrm{HCO}}_3^-+{\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-} )$−γ(Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺)离子关系图

Figure 4. Relationship of $\gamma({\mathrm{HCO}}_3^-+{\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}) $ and γ(Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺) for different types water

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图 5 研究区不同水体γ(Mg²⁺)/γ(Ca²⁺)−$\gamma({\mathrm{HCO}}_3^- )$离子关系图

Figure 5. Relationship of γ(Mg²⁺)/γ(Ca²⁺) and $\gamma({\mathrm{HCO}}_3^-) $ for different types water

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图 6 研究区不同水体氢氧稳定同位素关系图

Figure 6. Deuterium oxygen stable isotope relationship diagram of different types water

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图 7 P9钻孔揭示裂隙型承压水降雨−水头−水温动态变化

Figure 7. Rainfall-Groundwater Head-Temperature dynamic variation of P9 drilling

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图 8 研究区地下水补给、径流、排泄模式

Figure 8. Groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge patterns in the study area

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表 1 钻孔承压水基本信息

Table 1. Information of confined water exposed by boreholes

钻孔编号	孔口高程/m	孔深/m	承压水点地质条件	单孔流量/(L·min⁻¹)	孔口水压力/MPa	地下水头/m
P1	443.5	411.5	白云岩Є₁t²	230.0	0.320	475.5
P2	373.0	351.3	白云岩Є₁t²	138.0	0.380	411.0
P3	355.0	290.2	白云岩Z₂dn	720.0	1.300	485.0
P4	326.0	237.5	白云岩Z₂dn	108.0	0.800	406.0
P5	426.0	364.9	白云岩Z₂dn	180.0	0.250	451.0
P6	318.0	263.9	白云岩Є₁s²	96.0	1.000	418.0
P7	368.5	291.6	白云岩Є₁t²	292.0	0.500	418.5
P8	370.7	258.0	白云岩Є₁t²	800.0	0.850	455.7
P9	551.5	646.5	白云岩Є₁s²	4.1	0.010	552.5
P10	388.0	362.4	白云岩Є₁s²	366.0	0.350	423.0
P11	295.5	300.2	碎裂岩F1	66.0	0.810	376.5
P12	299.7	200.1	碎裂岩F1	10.8	0.013	301.2
P13	339.6	300.2	碎裂岩F1	220.0	0.550	394.6
P14	424.8	220.3	碎裂岩F1	200.0	0.260	450.8
注：地下水头=孔口高程+孔口水压力×100

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表 2 不同类型水样水化学及同位素测试结果

Table 2. Test results of water chemistry and isotopes for different types of water samples

水样编号	水体类型	取样高程/m	Na	K	Ca	Mg	SO₄	Cl	HCO₃	TDS	水化学类型	δD/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	补给高程/m
水样编号	水体类型	取样高程/m	ρ_B/(mg·L⁻¹)								水化学类型	δD/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	补给高程/m
R1	地表水	350.0	2.3	4.7	41.1	7.6	32.2	3.2	164.8	173.5	HCO₃-Ca	−54.1	−8.5	1179
R2		348.0	1.8	1.6	34.3	19.1	27.7	2.7	225.8	200.0	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−53.0	−8.2	1093
R3		352.0	0.7	2.8	46.7	7.1	14.8	2.7	132.8	141.2	HCO₃-Ca	−54.8	−8.8	1289
R4		502.0	2.4	5.3	36.0	3.1	28.6	3.1	122.0	139.6	HCO₃-Ca	−53.5	−8.3	1137
R5		449.0	1.2	1.7	50.7	13.9	30.0	3.5	234.9	218.4	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−55.3	−8.6	1241
S1	表层岩溶泉	713.0	0.7	0.8	56.4	23.2	27.2	1.5	348.0	283.6	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−55.5	−8.6	1234
S2		542.0	1.9	3.1	58.6	19.4	34.8	5.5	271.5	259.0	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−51.7	−8.1	1044
S3		500.0	0.8	1.1	68.4	21.45	29.5	1.7	360.0	303.0	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−55.1	−8.5	1206
S4		560.0	3.9	1.5	70.3	13.3	81.1	4.5	244.1	296.7	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca	−52.1	−8.2	1086
S5		380.0	1.5	1.9	49.4	20.4	43.0	2.6	274.6	256.0	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−54.7	−8.3	1127
S6		393.0	1.1	0.8	45.0	21.6	31.4	1.8	265.4	234.0	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−53.1	−8.2	1082
S7		520.0	0.9	1.1	71.2	12.4	31.7	1.9	286.8	262.6	HCO₃-Ca	−51.9	−7.9	1013
S8		435.0	1.5	0.7	55.8	15.5	21.5	1.4	274.6	233.6	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−52.6	−8.1	1068
S9		679.0	1.4	1.1	56.6	17.3	18.2	2.9	289.8	242.5	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−51.2	−8.0	1031
S10		544.0	1.3	1.4	55.0	16.2	21.7	3.0	262.4	229.8	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−51.2	−8.0	1034
S11		741.0	0.9	1.9	59.3	6.3	29.4	1.6	210.0	204.3	HCO₃-Ca	−51.2	−8.0	1034
S12		380.0	1.2	0.9	48.0	19.5	28.0	1.7	262.4	230.4	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−53.8	−8.4	1155
S13		428.0	1.4	1.3	47.0	18.1	29.5	2.0	234.9	216.7	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−53.7	−8.4	1175
S14		396.0	0.9	0.6	38.7	19.6	27.3	1.9	234.9	206.5	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−53.9	−8.5	1179
S15		582.0	1.3	1.7	46.8	15.5	20.0	1.4	244.1	208.6	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−55.3	−8.6	1241
S16		562.0	1.2	0.6	47.7	20.3	30.6	1.8	268.5	236.4	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−52.4	−8.2	1089
S17		525.0	1.0	1.1	46.3	18.5	23.3	1.6	262.4	223.0	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−54.2	−8.4	1151
S18		512.0	1.1	0.6	44.8	20.9	26.9	1.5	262.4	227.0	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−53.9	−8.4	1155
S19		560.0	1.0	0.6	47.5	20.9	22.4	1.4	283.7	235.8	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−54.9	−8.5	1189
P1	钻孔承压水	443.5	2.4	1.4	55.3	38.2	13.0	2.8	222.7	224.5	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−69.1	−10.7	1941
P2		373.0	2.7	1.9	53.3	32.5	20.8	1.1	280.2	252.4	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−67.3	−9.9	1665
P3		355.0	3.1	3.8	58.3	34.1	37.5	1.7	272.7	274.7	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−69.7	−10.2	1772
P4		326.0	4.4	9.7	69.6	40.8	9.1	2.2	264.0	267.7	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−68.5	−10.4	1844
P5		426.0	2.0	2.1	65.6	39.4	31.7	0.8	306.6	294.9	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−64.5	−9.9	1679
P6		318.0	3.0	3.3	61.2	36.8	15.6	3.3	281.4	263.9	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−66.5	−10.0	1710
P7		368.5	2.7	2.3	47.2	34.1	30.9	1.4	230.0	233.6	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−72.2	−10.7	1958
P8		370.7	3.1	5.4	48.2	30.3	62.4	3.3	260.4	282.8	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−72.3	−10.8	1972
P9		646.5	2.3	1.2	67.5	37.1	15.9	1.1	314.3	282.2	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−67.2	−10.1	1741
P10		388.0	3.6	2.5	72.5	34.6	37.1	1.6	300.4	300.4	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−64.0	−9.6	1572
P11		295.5	3.8	4.0	58.3	32.6	30.8	1.8	279.9	271.3	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−74.2	−10.6	1934
P12		299.7	19.0	56.8	108.1	44.4	18.3	2.8	255.5	377.1	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−73.8	−10.6	1924
P13		326.0	1.6	2.2	63.1	32.1	186.2	11.9	280.2	437.2	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg	−66.0	−10.0	1724
P14		424.8	1.9	1.8	51.5	19.7	30.6	1.8	289.8	252.2	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−65.6	−9.8	1641
HS1	保康温泉	492.0	2.6	4.3	57.6	31.0	65.3	38.8	228.1	313.6	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	−68.4	−10.3	1817

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