基于地层贯穿度连层的第四纪地质三维建模方法

李浩; 花卫华; 韦文成; 朱玉华; 肖海清; 伍昕颖; 刘修国

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250147

基于地层贯穿度连层的第四纪地质三维建模方法

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250147

李浩^1,,
花卫华^{1, 2, ,},
韦文成¹,
朱玉华¹,
肖海清¹,
伍昕颖¹,
刘修国¹

1.
中国地质大学（武汉）地理与信息工程学院，武汉 430074
2.
湖北省住房和城乡建设厅智能勘察工程技术创新中心，武汉 430063

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目“大数据智能找矿预测”（DD20240004）

详细信息

作者简介:
李浩：E-mail：1202421237@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：huaweihua@cug.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 151
- PDF下载量: 16
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-31
- 录用日期: 2025-06-30
- 修回日期: 2025-06-30
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-22

A 3D Quaternary Geological Modeling Method Employing Stratigraphic Penetration to Link Stratigraphic Units

1.
School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, Hubei, China
2.
Technology Innovation Center of Intelligent Geotechnical Investigation in Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430063, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：1202421237@cug.edu.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail：huaweihua@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
第四纪地层呈现多沉积旋回、多重透镜体夹层与横向无序展布的复杂沉积特征，传统三维地质建模方法难以精准表征地层连续性与层序连接关系，易出现层序混乱、界面失真等问题，无法满足城市地下空间数字化与地质灾害预警等工程需求。针对上述难题，本研究聚焦第四纪地层无序性与多夹层特性，提出一种基于地层贯穿度连层的高精度三维地质建模方法。以钻孔数据为核心驱动，先识别普通、嵌套、顶层/底层透镜体并开展空间聚类处理，剔除透镜体引发的局部地层不连续干扰；结合地质先验知识构建 “大层−亚层−次亚层” 分级体系，以地层贯穿度为核心指标优先编码贯穿性地层，实现含倒转地层的统一层序构建；基于角度不整合尖灭系数计算地层尖灭边界并构建地层分区，最终采用薄板样条插值算法完成光滑、拓扑一致的三维地质模型网格构建。以北京中关村地区 102 个工程钻孔为实验数据，建模剖面与人工解译剖面地层连接高度吻合，可全自动精准识别所有透镜体，地层连接错误率降低 67%，地质界面吻合度提升至 92%，有效避免松散地层导致的层序错乱与零厚度层冗余插入问题。该方法可智能识别透镜体、精准统一地层层序，显著提升第四纪三维地质建模精度与合理性，为城市地下空间开发、地质灾害智能预警、工程勘察设计提供可靠三维地质模型支撑，在城市地质数字化领域具有广泛推广价值。
- 三维地质建模 /
- 透镜体 /
- 地层贯穿度 /
- 统一地层层序 /
- 薄板样条插值 /
- 第四纪
Abstract:
Objective
Quaternary strata are widely developed in urban areas and feature frequent sedimentary cycles, extensive lens-shaped interbeds, and strong lateral heterogeneity. Traditional three-dimensional geological modeling methods rely heavily on fixed stratigraphic sequences and struggle to handle discontinuous lenses, disordered layer connections, and locally inverted strata, leading to distorted interfaces, illogical connectivity, and low modeling accuracy. These shortcomings severely restrict the digital management of urban underground space and intelligent early warning of geological hazards.
Methods
To tackle these key technical bottlenecks, this paper proposes an improved 3D Quaternary geological modeling method based on stratigraphic penetration-driven layer correlation. Driven by borehole data, this method first automatically identifies three types of lenses, including simple lenses, nested lenses, and top/bottom lenses, and carries out spatial clustering under the constraints of relative elevation difference and lens thickness to eliminate local discontinuity interference. Guided by expert geological knowledge, a "major layer–sub-layer–sub-sub-layer" hierarchical system is constructed; with stratigraphic penetration as the core index, strata with high penetration are prioritized for standardized coding to realize the unification of stratigraphic sequences including those with inverted structures. On this basis, the stratigraphic pinch-out boundary is calculated using the angular unconformity pinch-out coefficient, and a stratigraphic partition model is built. Finally, a smooth and topologically consistent 3D geological grid model is generated via thin-plate spline interpolation, and clustered lenses are embedded into the framework model to restore real sedimentary structures.
Results
A case study was conducted using 102 engineering boreholes in the Zhongguancun area of Beijing to verify the method. The results show that cross-sections extracted from the established 3D model are highly consistent with manual geological profiles; all lens structures are accurately identified; the stratigraphic connection error rate is reduced by 67%, and the geological interface coincidence rate reaches 92%. The method effectively avoids unreasonable layer connections and redundant zero-thickness layers caused by loose Quaternary sediments.
Conclusion
This approach significantly improves the precision and rationality of 3D modeling for complex Quaternary strata, provides reliable and high-precision geological model support for urban underground space development, engineering geological survey, and intelligent geohazard warning, and exhibits important theoretical value and broad application prospects for international urban geological digitalization.
- 3D Geological Modeling /
- Lens Body /
- Stratigraphic Penetration /
- Unified Stratigraphic Sequence /
- Thin-Plate Spline Interpolation /
- Quaternary Strata

HTML全文

图 1 透镜体类型

Figure 1. Lens body types

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 透镜体构建

a. 普通透镜体；b. 嵌套透镜体。1-1，1-2，1-3均为地层编号，其余编号类似，下同

Figure 2. Lens body generation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 透镜体聚类

a. 透镜体聚类前；b. 透镜体聚类后。红色线圈内为透镜体

Figure 3. Lens clustering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 基于贯穿度进行地层编码

左侧1，2，3，4为大层划分的顺序

Figure 4. Illustrates stratigraphic coding based on fracture intensity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 统一地层层序

左侧1，5，2，6-1，6，3，7，4为大层基础上亚层划分的顺序

Figure 5. Unified Stratigraphic Sequence

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 三维地质建模技术路线图

Figure 6. Workflow diagram for 3D geological modeling techniques

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 地层连接

Figure 7. Stratigraphic connection

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 钻孔建模数据（不同颜色代表不同的地层，下同）

Figure 8. Borehole model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 三维地质建模效果

Figure 9. 3D geological modeling results

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图 10 三维地质模型折线剖切效果

Figure 10. 3D geological model polyline section results

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 三维地质模型剖面图(a)与人工绘制剖面图(b)对比

Figure 11. compares the modeled results with a manually drafted geological cross-section

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 建模区域内第四系标准地层层序

Table 1. Standard stratigraphic column of the quaternary system in the modeling area

系	原始数据编码	地层名称	地层级别编码
第四系	S1	粉质黏土素填土、黏质粉土素填土	1-1
	S1	房渣土、碎石填土	1-2
	S2	粉质黏土、重粉质黏土	2-1
	S3	黏质粉土、粉质黏土	3-1
		黏质粉土、砂质粉土	3-2
		黏土、重粉质黏土	3-3
		细砂、粉砂	3-4
	S4	黏质粉土、砂质粉土	4-1
		黏质粉土、粉质黏土	4-2
		细砂、粉砂	4-3
		黏土、重粉质黏土	4-4
	S5	细砂、中砂	5-1
		细砂、粉砂	5-2
		粉质黏土	5-3
	S6	粉质黏土、黏质粉土	6-1
		黏质粉土、砂质粉土	6-2
		重粉质黏土、黏土	6-3
		细砂、粉砂	6-4
	S7	细砂、中砂	7-1
		有机质黏土、有机质重粉质黏土	7-2
		黏质粉土、砂质粉土	7-3
	S8	粉质黏土、黏质粉土	8-1
	S8	重粉质黏土	8-2
	S9	粉质黏土、黏质粉土	9-1
		细砂	9-2
		黏土、重粉质黏土	9-3

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