Spectral inversion using generalized cosine broadband spectrum and its application in Junggar Basin
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摘要:
准噶尔盆地勘探目的层埋深大，地震波高频吸收衰减严重，地震子波主频低、频带窄，导致地震数据分辨率不足，严重影响了砂泥岩薄互层的识别精度。反褶积是提高地震数据分辨率的重要手段，提出了一种频率域反褶积方法，通过优化目标谱设计达到拓宽地震数据有效频带范围、提高地震数据垂向分辨率的目的。首先构建了广义余弦宽带目标谱，根据目标谱与地震记录频谱对角矩阵和拓频因子之间的关系建立了拓频正演模型，然后利用整形正则化反演方法进行了拓频因子反演，最终实现了对地震数据的拓频处理。模型测试结果验证了基于广义余弦宽带目标谱反演的拓频方法的有效性，准噶尔盆地实际数据应用结果表明地震频带得到了有效拓宽，薄层识别能力得到了有效提高。广义余弦目标谱设计灵活，具有较宽的频带范围，其对应子波旁瓣振幅小，旁瓣宽度窄，基于广义余弦宽带频谱反演可有效提高地震资料分辨率，为非常规油气勘探提供可靠的数据支撑。
Abstract:Objective In the Junggar Basin, the exploration targets are deeply buried beneath the earth surface, posing significant challenges for seismic exploration. Specifically, this result in severe high-frequency absorption and attenuation of seismic wave energy. The resultant seismic data are characterized by a limited bandwidth with low dominant frequency, which significantly compromises the accuracy of the sandstone-shale thin interbed identification. Thus, the poor quality of the seismic data makes the reservoir distribution and potential hydrocarbon prediction tasks extremely challenging. Deconvolution is a key technique to improve the seismic data resolution. It aims to reverse the effects of wavelet convolution in the recorded seismic data, and can be performed in either the time domain or the frequency domain. Frequency domain deconvolution usually uses the estimation of seismic spectrum to construct a spectral-broadening operator, thereby expanding the frequency band and increasing the dominant frequency of the seismic data. We develop a frequency-domain deconvolution method to enhance the vertical seismic resolution. The key to this method lies in the use of an optimized target spectrum, and the final goal is to expand the seismic bandwidth effectively.
Methods We propose a generalized cosine broadband spectrum and incorporate it into the spectral inversion. Based on the relationship between the desired spectrum and diagonal matrix of the seismic spectrum, a spectral-broadening forward model is established. Subsequently, a shaping regularization inversion method is used to invert for the spectral-broadening operator. Ultimately, by applying the obtained spectral-broadening operator to the seismic data, the vertical seismic resolution can be enhanced. This is beneficial for more accurate geological interpretation and hydrocarbon exploration.
Results We use a theoretical model and field seismic data in the Junggar Basin to validate of the proposed method. The theoretical model has verified the effectiveness of the proposed method using the generalized cosine broadband spectrum. Subsequently, we apply the method to real seismic data from the Junggar Basin, where an optimized generalized cosine broadband spectrum is constructed based on the original seismic spectrum. The real seismic data processing results show that the frequency bandwidth of the seismic data has been effectively increased, leading to improved resolution of thin interbeds. The theoretical and field data results confirm the robustness and practical applicability of the proposed method.
Conclusion The generalized cosine target spectrum has a wide frequency band range, and can be flexibly designed. Additionally, the corresponding wavelet exhibits low side-lobe amplitude and a narrow side-lobe width, which helps to minimize interference of the reflected waves. The proposed spectral inversion using the generalized cosine broadband spectrum can be used to improve the seismic resolution and provides reliable seismic data for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration.
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图 1 理论目标谱及其对应子波
a. 带通子波，低频截止频率10 Hz，高频截止频率40 Hz；b. 宽带Ricker子波，$p = 10\;{\rm{Hz}},q = 40\;{\rm{Hz}}$；c. 广义余弦目标谱，$lp = 10\;{\rm{Hz}},hp = 40\;{\rm{Hz}}, $$ hc = 70\;{\rm{Hz}}$；d. 广义余弦目标谱，$ lp = 0\;{\rm{Hz}},hp = 40\;{\rm{Hz}},hc = 70\;{\rm{Hz}} $；e. 广义高斯目标谱，$ {f}_{\text{L}}=10\;\text{Hz}，{f}_{\text{H}}=40\;\text{Hz} $；f～j. 目标谱对应子波；p，q分别为Ricker子波峰值频率积分的下限和上限；lp，hp，hc分别为广义余弦目标谱的低通频率、高通频率和高截频率；fL，fH分别为广义高斯目标谱的低通频率和高通频率
Figure 1. Theoretical desired spectra and the corresponding wavelets
图 3 基于不同目标谱的拓频结果（不含噪声）
Figure 3. Spectral extension results with different expected spectrum (without noise)
图 5 基于不同目标谱的拓频结果（含20%噪声）
Figure 5. Spectral extension results with different expected spectrum (data with 20% noise)
图 6 Z10井测井岩性（a，b）和储层解释（c，d）
T3b. 三叠系白碱滩组；T2k. 克拉玛依组；T1b. 百口泉组；P3w. 上乌尔禾组；P2w. 下乌尔禾组；下同
Figure 6. Lithology and reservoir interpretation of well Z10
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