基于数值模拟对比研究地下水流动对地温场的影响−以山西地堑运城盆地为例

武国朋; 陈国雄; 柴建宙; 毛杰; 张喜生; 张振杰; 王鹤宇

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250108

基于数值模拟对比研究地下水流动对地温场的影响−以山西地堑运城盆地为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250108

1.
运城学院山西省光电信息科学与技术实验室，山西运城 044000
2.
中国地质大学（武汉）地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室，武汉 430074
3.
山西省地质勘查局二一四地质队有限公司，山西运城 044000
4.
中国地质大学（北京）地球科学与资源学院，北京 100083
5.
山西省地球物理化学勘查院有限公司，山西运城 044004

基金项目: 山西省基础研究计划项目（20210302123374）；运城学院博士科研启动基金项目（YQ-2021008）；山西省优秀博士来晋科研专项（QZX-2023020）

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：wu15101142103@126.com

中图分类号: P314；P641
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-07
- 录用日期: 2025-11-18
- 修回日期: 2025-09-20
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-18

A comparative numerical study on influence of groundwater flow on geothermal field: A case study of Yuncheng Basin in Shanxi Graben

1.
Shanxi Province Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology Laboratory, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng Shanxi 044000, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
3.
214 Geological Team Corporation of Shanxi Provincial Geological Prospecting Bureau, Yuncheng Shanxi 044000, China
4.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
5.
Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Institute of Shanxi Province, Yuncheng Shanxi 044004, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：wu15101142103@126.com

摘要

摘要:
地下水流动会与围岩发生热量交换并改变地温场分布，对地热资源赋存与勘查具有关键控制作用。为揭示山西地堑运城盆地地下水流动对地温场的影响机制，以运城断陷盆地为研究对象，构建二维剖面地质模型，采用有限元数值模拟方法，设置单一热传导、重力驱动热传导‑热对流、重力+浮力联合驱动热传导−热对流3种情景，对比分析地下水流动对深部地温场的控制效应。结果表明，单一热传导模式下，地温场呈南北对称、高低相间分布，高温集中于汾河与涑水凹陷，受基底起伏与盖层厚度控制。重力驱动下，地下水沿高渗地层与断裂带流动，使补给区降温、排泄区升温；叠加温度差异引起的浮力作用后，深大断裂带流速与流向改变，峨眉地台南北缘断裂及中条山断裂深部形成局部温度正异常。钻孔测温对比表明，运城盆地热量传递以热传导‑热对流复合模式为主，深大断裂渗透率约 1.0×10⁻¹² m²。研究表明，地下水流动显著控制运城盆地地温场分布与热量再分配，复合传热模式为该区地热系统主导机制。研究结果可为运城盆地及山西地堑相似区域地热资源勘查与预测提供科学依据。
- 地温场 /
- 地下水流动 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 运城盆地 /
- 山西地堑
Abstract:
Objective
Groundwater flow exchanges heat with the surrounding rock and alters geothermal field distribution, playing a key controlling role in the occurrence and exploration of geothermal resources. This study aims to reveal the influence mechanism of groundwater flow on geothermal field in the Yuncheng Basin, Shanxi Graben.
Methods
Taking the Yuncheng fault basin as the study area, a two-dimensional geological profile model was constructed. Finite element numerical simulations were conducted under three scenarios: pure heat conduction, gravity-driven heat conduction-convection, and gravity- and buoyancy-driven heat conduction-convection. The controlling effects of groundwater flow on deep geothermal field were comparatively analyzed.
Results
Under the pure heat conduction model, the geothermal field exhibited a north-south symmetrical distribution with alternating high and low temperatures. High temperature zones were concentrated in the Fenhe and Sushui Depressions, controlled by basement undulation and caprock thickness. Under gravity-driven conditions, groundwater flowed along high-permeability strata and fault zones, causing cooling in recharge areas and heating in discharge areas. When buoyancy effects caused by temperature differences was superimposed, the flow velocity and direction were changed within deep major fault zones, resulting in local positive temperature anomalies at the northern and southern marginal faults of the Emei Platform and in the deep part of the Zhongtiaoshan Fault. Borehole temperature comparisons indicated that the heat transfer in the Yuncheng Basin was dominated by a combined heat conduction-convection mode, with the permeability of deep major faults being approximately 1.0×10⁻¹² m².
Conclusion
Groundwater flow significantly controls the geothermal field distribution and heat redistribution in the Yuncheng Basin. The coupled heat transfer mode is the dominant mechanism of the geothermal system in this area. The results provide a scientific basis for the exploration and prediction of geothermal resources in the Yuncheng Basin and similar areas within the Shanxi Graben.
- geothermal field /
- groundwater flow /
- numerical simulation /
- Yuncheng Basin /
- Shanxi Graben

HTML全文

图 1 研究区位置及地质构造背景

a. 研究区位置示意图^[17]；b. 研究区构造区划图；c. 运城区域地质图；d. 运城北西向AA'剖面二度半地质构造解译图^[18]

Figure 1. Location and geological and tectonic background of study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 运城盆地AA'二维剖面几何模型图和剖面网格图（AA'剖面位置见图1c；下同）

Figure 2. Geometric model and grid diagram along two-dimensional profile AA' of Yuncheng Basin

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图 3 情景1下的运城盆地AA'剖面温度场分布（T_Ave. 平均温度；T_Max. 最高温度；T_Min. 最低温度；下同）

Figure 3. Temperature field distribution along profile AA' of Yuncheng Basin under scenario 1

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 情景2下的运城盆地AA'剖面重力驱动下达西速度场分布

K_f. 断裂渗透率；V_Ave. 平均流速；V_Max. 最大流速；V_Min. 最小流速；下同

Figure 4. Darcy velocity field distribution along profile AA' of Yuncheng Basin under scenario 2 with gravity-driven flow

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 情景2下的运城盆地AA'剖面重力驱动下温度场分布

Figure 5. Temperature field distribution along profile AA' of Yuncheng Basin under scenario 2 with gravity-driven flow

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 情景3下的运城盆地AA'剖面重力和浮力共同驱动下达西速度场分布

Figure 6. Darcy velocity field distribution along profile AA' of Yuncheng Basin under scenario 3 with gravity- and buoyancy-driven flow

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 情景3下的运城盆地AA'剖面重力和浮力共同驱动下温度场分布

Figure 7. Temperature field distribution along profile AA' of Yuncheng Basin under scenario 3 with gravity- and buoyancy-driven flow

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 3种不同情景下模型模拟结果与典型钻孔实测温度对比（钻孔具体位置和对应二维截面见图1c，1d）

Figure 8. Comparison of model simulation results with measured temperatures from typical boreholes under three different scenarios

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 运城盆地不同地质体的各项物理参数

Table 1. Physical parameters of different geological bodies of Yuncheng Basin

地质体	渗透率/m²	放射性产热/(W·m⁻³)	密度/(kg·m⁻³)	热导率/(W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	恒压热容/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	孔隙率
新生代松散岩	3.0×10⁻¹⁴	1.2×10⁻⁶	1300	2.00	800	0.30
中生代砂岩	5.0×10⁻¹⁵	1.2×10⁻⁶	1900	2.80	850	0.15
古生代灰岩	1.0×10⁻¹⁵	1.2×10⁻⁶	2300	3.50	850	0.10
前寒武系变质岩	1.0×10⁻¹⁷	1.7×10⁻⁶	2700	3.20	850	0.05
中生代侵入岩	1.0×10⁻¹⁶	2.0×10⁻⁶	2300	3.00	800	0.05
断裂	5.0×10⁻¹², 1.0×10⁻¹², 5.0×10⁻¹³, 1.0×10⁻¹³	0	2700	2.50	800	0.20
注：渗透率（据^[35-36]）；放射性产热（据^[37]）；密度（据^[18，28]）；热导率（据^[38]）；恒压热容（据^[29，39]）；孔隙率（据^[36]）

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