2024.7.17秭归湾水田滑坡特征与失稳机理

苏鹏民; 陈龙; 李雨洲; 邓茂林; 梁之康; 彭旭; 朱晓涵; 周梦婷

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250099

2024.7.17秭归湾水田滑坡特征与失稳机理

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250099

苏鹏民^{1, 2,},
陈龙^{3, 4},
李雨洲^{1, 2},
邓茂林^{1, 2, ,},
梁之康^{1, 2},
彭旭^{1, 2},
朱晓涵^{1, 2},
周梦婷^{1, 2}

1.
湖北长江三峡滑坡国家野外科学观测研究站，湖北宜昌 443002
2.
三峡大学土木与建筑学院，湖北宜昌 443002
3.
中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所，成都 611734
4.
自然资源部地质灾害风险防控工程技术创新中心，成都 611734

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42172303）

详细信息

作者简介:
苏鹏民：E-mail：supengmin0720@163.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：dengmaolin@ctgu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P642.22
计量
- 文章访问数: 187
- PDF下载量: 23
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-02
- 录用日期: 2025-07-18
- 修回日期: 2025-07-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-22

Characteristics and instability mechanism of Wanshuitian landslide in Zigui County, China on July 17, 2024

SU Pengmin^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Long^{3, 4},
LI Yuzhou^{1, 2},
DENG Maolin^{1, 2
, ,},
LIANG Zhikang^{1, 2},
PENG Xu^{1, 2},
ZHU Xiaohan^{1, 2},
ZHOU Mengting^{1, 2}

1.
National Field Observation and Research Station of Landslides in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Hubei 443002, China
2.
College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Hubei 443002, China
3.
Institute of Exploration Technology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Chengdu 611734, China
4.
Engineering Technology Innovation Center for Geological Hazard Risk Prevention and Control, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu 611734, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：supengmin0720@163.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：dengmaolin@ctgu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
2024年7月17日8点40分，位于湖北省秭归县归州镇贾家店村的湾水田滑坡失稳破坏，总方量约80万 m³，导致1200 m村级公路和60亩农林柑橘园损毁，该滑坡具有极高的隐蔽性和强烈的突发性。为系统揭示该滑坡发育特征、运动过程与失稳机理，通过详细的野外地质调查，无人机航拍及监测数据分析等手段，在分析湾水田滑坡运动特征的基础上，结合Geo‑Studio有限元模拟软件，计算强降雨条件下滑坡内部渗流特征及坡体稳定性演变过程，进而揭示其成因机制与破坏模式。结果表明，湾水田滑坡属于高速岩质滑坡，按运动特征可分为启滑区、二次解体区、主堆积区、右侧撒落区和左侧撒落区共5个亚区。砂泥岩互层的地层岩性，槽脊相间的微地貌以及节理发育的岩体结构是湾水田滑坡发生的内在因素，滑前17 d累计降雨量达253.8 mm的2轮持续强降雨是主要外因。持续强降雨引起坡体内部孔隙水压力持续上升，滑坡安全系数由1.2降至0.97，显著降低坡体稳定性。历经2轮强降雨，滑体与滑带岩土体孔隙水压力大幅增加，最高孔压达75.4 kPa，孔压最大增量达303.9 kPa。孔隙水压力的突增最终引发滑坡失稳破坏。湾水田滑坡由于岩层倾向方向滑动受阻，坡体沿临空面滑动，主滑方向10°与岩层倾向282°形成88°的夹角，为近岩层走向滑动的特殊破坏模式，显著区别于顺层滑坡的失稳机制，具有高度的隐蔽性、强烈的突发性。研究成果对我国山区存在类似条件的灾害隐患点的防灾减灾、监测预警与工程防治工作具有重要理论与实践意义。
- 三峡库区 /
- 湾水田滑坡 /
- 失稳机理 /
- 近走向滑移 /
- 槽脊相间 /
- 降雨
Abstract:
Objective
At 8:40 am on July 17, 2024, the Wanshuitian landslide in Jiajiadian Village, Guizhou Town, Zigui County, underwent instability and failure, with a total displaced volume of approximately 800000 m³. This landslide damaged 1200 m of village-level roads and 60 mu (around 9.88 acres) of citrus farmland and forest, exhibiting extreme concealment and suddenness. This study aims to systematically reveal the development characteristics, movement process, and instability mechanism of the landslide.
Methods
Based on the analysis of movement characteristics of the Wanshuitian landslide, detailed field geological surveys, UAV aerial photography, and monitoring data analysis were carried out. Combined with the Geo-Studio finite element simulation software, the internal seepage characteristics and the evolution process of slope stability under heavy rainfall conditions were calculated, thereby revealing its genetic mechanisms and failure modes.
Results
The results showed that the Wanshuitian landslide was a high-speed rock landslide, which could be divided into five subzones based on movement characteristics: the initiation zone, secondary disintegration zone, main accumulation zone, right scattering zone, and left scattering zone. The interbedded lithology of sandstone and mudstone, the micro-geomorphology of alternating troughs and ridges, and the jointed rock mass structure were the internal factors for the occurrence of the Wanshuitian landslide. The main external factor was two rounds of continuous heavy rainfall with a cumulative rainfall of 253.8 mm over 17 days before sliding. Continuous heavy rainfall led to a sustained increase in pore water pressure within the slope, and the landslide safety coefficient decreased from 1.2 to 0.97, significantly reducing slope stability. After two rounds of heavy rainfall, the pore water pressure in the rock and soil mass of the landslide body and sliding zone increased significantly, reaching a maximum of 75.4 kPa and a maximum incremental increase of 303.9 kPa. The sudden increase in pore water pressure ultimately triggered slope instability and failure. As the sliding movement was blocked along the layer dip, the slope slid along the free surface. The main sliding direction of 10° formed an angle of 88° with the rock dip direction of 282°, representing a special failure mode of sliding nearly along the rock strike. The mode was significantly different from the instability mechanism of consequent bedding landslides and was characterized by high concealment and strong suddenness.
Conclusion
The research results have important theoretical and practical significance for disaster prevention and mitigation, monitoring and early warning, and engineering prevention at potential disaster sites with similar geological conditions in mountainous areas of China.
- Three Gorges Reservoir Area /
- Wanshuitian landslide /
- instability mechanism /
- near-strike sliding /
- alternating troughs and ridges /
- rainfall

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图 1 湾水田滑坡滑动前(a)、后(b)全貌影像对比

Figure 1. Comparison of panoramic images of Wanshuitian landslide before and after slide

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图 2 湾水田滑坡区域地质构造图

Figure 2. Geological structural map of Wanshuitian landslide area

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图 3 湾水田滑坡区槽脊相间的地形地貌示意图

Figure 3. Topography and geomorphology of alternating troughs and ridges in Wanshuitian landslide area

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图 4 湾水田滑坡结构面赤平投影图

Figure 4. Stereographic projection of structural surface of Wanshuitian landslide

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图 5 2024年7月湾水田滑坡失稳前降雨过程

Figure 5. Rainfall process before instability of Wanshuitian landslide at July, 2024

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图 6 湾水田滑坡失稳过程录像

Figure 6. Video snapshots during instability process of Wanshuitian landslide

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图 7 湾水田滑坡分区特征和运动特征

Figure 7. Zoning and movement characteristics of Wanshuitian landslide

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图 8 湾水田滑坡工程地质剖面图（剖面位置见图7）

Figure 8. Engineering geological profiles of Wanshuitian landslide

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图 9 湾水田滑坡宏观变形特征

Figure 9. Macroscopic deformation characteristics of Wanshuitian landslide

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图 10 湾水田滑坡数值模型

Figure 10. Numerical model of Wanshuitian landslide

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图 11 湾水田滑坡孔隙水压力分布变化过程

Figure 11. Distribution evolution of pore water pressure in Wanshuitian landslide

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图 12 P1～P3号监测点（由浅至深）孔隙水压力变化曲线

Figure 12. Pore water pressure variation curves for monitoring points P1-P3 (from shallow to deep)

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图 13 湾水田滑坡滑前17 d滑坡安全系数变化

Figure 13. Variation of landslide safety coefficient over 17 days before landslide in Wanshuitian landslid

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图 14 湾水田滑坡演化过程模式

Figure 14. Evolution process models of Wanshuitian landslide

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表 1 湾水田滑坡物理力学参数

Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of Wanshuitian landslide

区域	重度γ/ (kN·m⁻³)	黏聚力 C/kPa	内摩擦角φ/(°)	饱和体积含水率W/%	渗透系数 K/(m·d⁻¹)	泊松比μ	弹性模量E/MPa
碎块石土	20.6	33	32	27.6	3.7	0.35	17.8
裂隙岩体	22	120	35	22.3	2.9	0.3	20
滑带	21.4	19	21	16	0.05	0.29	12.9
滑床	24.3	1080	38	1	0.001	0.16	1180

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表 2 近岩层走向滑动失稳模式的典型滑坡统计

Table 2. Statistics of typical landslides with failure mode of sliding nearly along rock strike

滑坡名称	发生日期	岩层倾角	主滑方向	视滑角
卡门子湾滑坡^[38]	2019/12/10	45°	340°	65°
小岩头滑坡	2021/08/28	280°	210°	70°
湾水田滑坡	2024/07/17	282°	10°	88°

下载: 导出CSV

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