Characteristics of volcanic high-temperature geothermal system and favorable exploration targets in Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin of Datong
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摘要:
探索我国板内火山型高温地热资源特征，聚焦大同阳高−天镇盆地，精细刻画火山型高温地热资源地质特征，明确有利勘探目标，为我国板内火山型高温地热资源勘探提供参考。基于阳高−天镇地区钻井及物探资料，开展热传递类型识别、电阻率三维结构分析、深大断裂增强刻画及高温热源分布解析。阳高−天镇盆地自上而下由第四系、新近系 + 古近系、太古界3套地层层序组成，以第四系地层为区域盖层，整体以热传导形式进行热传递，局部断裂及地层界面发育热对流现象；近EW向断裂是盆地最主要的控热和导水断裂。热源埋藏深度与类型控制着火山型高温地热资源的形成与分布，埋藏深度
4000 ～8000 m，具有明显的东西差异：西部以浅埋藏热源为主，东部发育明显的岩浆通道连接浅部地层，热源受深部火山通道控制，导致东部地温梯度明显高于西部，东部地温梯度约 9 ℃/100 m，西部地温梯度约 5 ℃/100 m。结合热源类型、热传递特征与断裂特征，提出了阳高−天镇盆地热传导型、岩浆喷发型、深大断裂控制型3类共 6 个有利勘探目标，埋藏深度在3000 m 以浅的浅部高温低阻异常带面积约 216 km2，为区域地热勘探开发划定了核心范围。Abstract:ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the characteristics of intraplate volcanic high-temperature geothermal resources in China, with a specific focus on the Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin in Datong, to finely characterize the geological features of these volcanic high-temperature geothermal resources, identify favorable exploration targets, and provide a reference for the exploration of intraplate volcanic high-temperature geothermal resources in China.
MethodsBased on the drilling and geophysical datasets from the Yanggao-Tianzhen region, the identification of heat transfer types, the analysis of the three-dimensional resistivity structure, the enhanced characterization of deep major faults, and the analysis of high-temperature heat source distribution were conducted.
ResultsIn terms of stratigraphic structure, the Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin was composed of three distinct sequences from top to bottom: Quaternary, Neogene + Paleogene, and Archean. The Quaternary strata served as the regional caprock, facilitating heat transfer mainly through thermal conduction, while thermal convection occurred locally at shallow faults and stratigraphic interfaces. The faults within the basin, trending nearly East-West, played a crucial role in controlling heat distribution and guiding groundwater flow. The burial depth and type of heat sources were key factors influencing the formation and distribution of volcanic high-temperature geothermal resources. These heat sources were buried at depths ranging from
4000 m to8000 m, showing a significant East-West disparity. The western part of the basin was mainly characterized by shallow heat sources, while the eastern part featured distinct magmatic conduits connecting to shallow strata, and its heat sources were controlled by deep volcanic channels, leading to a much higher geothermal gradient in the eastern region compared to the western region. Specifically, the geothermal gradient in the East was approximately 9℃ per 100 m, whereas in the west, it was around 5℃ per 100 m.ConclusionCombining heat source types, heat transfer characteristics, and fault characteristics, six favorable exploration targets within the Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin are proposed, which can be classified into three types: heat conduction type, magmatic eruption type, and deep major fault-controlled type. Among these targets, there are shallow high-temperature and low-resistivity anomaly zones with burial depths less than 3 000 m, covering an area of approximately 216 km2, and this delineates the core scope for the regional geothermal exploration and development.
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Key words:
- Datong /
- Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin /
- volcanic geothermal /
- heat transfer /
- deep major fault /
- favorable exploration target
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图 1 大同火山群及阳高−天镇盆地地理位置
Figure 1. Geographical location of Datong volcanic group and Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin
图 2 阳高−天镇盆地大地电磁三维反演电阻率结构分布图（ρ. 电阻率；下同）
Figure 2. Distribution of three-dimensional inversion resistivity structure of magnetotelluric (MT) data in Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin
图 3 阳高−天镇盆地二维地震剖面（L1测线）
Figure 3. Two-dimensional seismic profile of Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin (Line L1)
图 4 过盆地NS向电阻率剖面（L2测线）
Figure 4. North-south resistivity profile across basin (Line L2)
图 5 阳高−天镇盆地典型井深度−温度曲线
Figure 5. Depth-temperature curves of typical wells in Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin
图 6 阳高−天镇盆地高温异常体分布
Figure 6. Distribution of high-temperature anomalies in Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin
图 7 阳高−天镇盆地不同深度断裂平面分布（F. 断裂）
Figure 7. Planar distribution of faults at different depths in Yanggao-Tianzhen Basin
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