基于分布式声波传感的潮汐作用下海浪冲击规律研究

程琛; 唐振宇; 谭道远; 王静; 于洋; 朱鸿鹄; 苏晶文

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250015

基于分布式声波传感的潮汐作用下海浪冲击规律研究

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250015

程琛^{1, 2,},
唐振宇¹,
谭道远^{1, 2, ,},
王静¹,
于洋³,
朱鸿鹄¹,
苏晶文⁴

1.
南京大学地球科学与工程学院，南京 210023
2.
自然资源部地裂缝地质灾害重点实验室，南京 210049
3.
浙江大学海洋学院，浙江舟山 316021
4.
中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心，南京 210016

基金项目: 自然资源部地裂缝地质灾害重点实验室开放基金项目（JSDDYHJD2024007）；江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金青年基金项目（BK20241211）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（42407250）

详细信息

作者简介:
程琛：E-mail：chen_cheng@smail.nju.edu.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：dytan@nju.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 360
- PDF下载量: 47
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-09
- 录用日期: 2025-06-09
- 修回日期: 2025-06-06
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-10

Study on wave impact patterns under tidal influence based on distributed acoustic sensing

CHENG Chen^{1, 2
,},
TANG Zhenyu¹,
TAN Daoyuan^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Jing¹,
YU Yang³,
ZHU Honghu¹,
SU Jingwen⁴

1.
School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing 210049, China
3.
Ocean College, Zhenjiang University, Zhoushan Zhejiang 316021, China
4.
Nanjing Center, China Geology Survey, Nanjing 210016, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：chen_cheng@smail.nju.edu.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail：dytan@nju.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
本研究旨在定量分析潮汐作用下的海浪冲击强度及其与潮汐特征和地形之间的关系，为海岸侵蚀机制研究和沿海防护工程设计提供科学依据。利用分布式声波传感（DAS）技术对浙江省舟山市摘箬山岛北部海岸的海浪冲击过程进行了为期21 d的有效监测，结合潮汐数据和功率谱密度（PSD）分析了潮汐作用下的海浪冲击动态规律。结果表明，潮位高度、潮汐强度和地形特征共同影响海浪冲击的强度与分布。在观测期内，海浪冲击强度与潮汐强度变化呈现出一致性：大潮期间海浪的冲击作用最为显著，尤其在满潮点的潮位高度超过特定阈值时，冲击作用明显增强；中潮期间海浪的冲击过程表现出多阶段、多峰值特征；而小潮期间冲击作用相对较弱，主要集中在退潮阶段。此外，地形特征显著调控了冲击分布：东侧海岸因潮汐作用时间较长，冲击持续时间更久，而凹陷区域因潮流引发的波浪相互抵消，冲击较弱。本研究验证了DAS技术在监测潮汐作用下海浪冲击规律中的有效性，揭示了潮汐特征与地形因素对海浪冲击的协同调控机制，为深入理解海浪冲击动力学过程和沿海防护策略优化提供了重要的数据支持。
- 潮汐 /
- 海浪冲击 /
- 分布式声波传感（DAS） /
- 功率谱密度（PSD） /
- 地质灾害监测 /
- 海洋防护
Abstract:
Objective
Wave impact under tidal influence is a critical factor affecting coastal erosion. However, studies focusing on the independent effects of tidal characteristics on wave impact remain relatively limited. This study aims to quantitatively analyze wave impact intensity under tidal influence and its relationship with tidal characteristics and topography, providing a scientific basis for research on coastal erosion mechanisms and the design of coastal protection engineering.
Methods
Using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology, the wave impact processes along the northern coast of Zhairuoshan Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province were effectively monitored for 21 days. A 160-meter fiber-optic sensing cable was deployed for DAS measurements, and the dynamic patterns of wave impact under tidal influence were analyzed by integrating power spectral density (PSD) energy and tidal data.
Results
The results showed that tidal height, tidal intensity, and topographic features collectively affected the intensity and distribution of wave impact. During the observation period, wave impact intensity showed consistency with tidal intensity variations. Wave impact was most significant during spring tides, particularly when high-tide levels exceeded a specific threshold, and the impact was significantly enhanced. During intermediate tides, wave impact exhibited multi-stage and multi-peak characteristics. In contrast, wave impact during neap tides was relatively weak and mainly concentrated during the ebb tide phase. In addition, topographic features significantly regulated the spatial distribution of wave impact. The eastern coast experienced prolonged impact due to extended tidal duration, while concave areas exhibited weaker impact due to wave cancellation induced by tidal currents.
Conclusion
This study verifies the effectiveness of DAS technology in monitoring wave impact patterns under tidal influence, reveals the synergistic regulation mechanisms of tidal characteristics and topographic factors on wave impact, and provides important data support for a deeper understanding of wave impact dynamics and optimization of coastal protection strategies.
- tides /
- wave impact /
- distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) /
- power spectral density (PSD) /
- monitoring of geological hazards /
- coastal protection

HTML全文

图 1 研究区域及现场光缆布设示意图

a. 研究区域位置及地形；b. 光缆布设及设备位置；c. 现场监测图。DAS. 分布式声波传感

Figure 1. Study area and on-site optical cable deployment

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图 2 DAS技术传感原理图

$ {V}_{0} $为入射光的中心频率；$ {V}_{\text{B}} $为布里渊频移量；$ {V}_{\text{R}} $为拉曼频移量

Figure 2. DAS sensing principle

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图 3 监测期间潮位(a)与能量(b)对应图

Figure 3. Relationship between tidal level (a) and energy (b) during monitoring period

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图 4 2024年5月2日—2024年5月4日期间PSD能量与潮位对应关系

Figure 4. Relationship between PSD energy and tidal level (May 2, 2024-May 4, 2024)

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图 5 大潮（a1～d1）、中潮（a2～d2）和小潮（a3～d3）期间PSD能量与潮位的对应关系图

Figure 5. Relationship between PSD energy and tidal level during spring tides (a1-d1), intermediate tides (a2-d2) and neap tides (a3-d3)

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图 6 不同潮汐强度期间各通道总能量对比

Figure 6. Comparison of total energy across various channels under different tidal intensities

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图 7 监测日期内的最大潮差和总能量之间的相关性

R. 最大潮差与总能量之间的相关系数

Figure 7. Correlation between maximum tidal range and total energy during monitoring period

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图 8 监测期间各通道的能量和与地形的对应关系

a.各通道对应的海岸位置示意图；b～d.各周的PSD能量和；e.监测期间各通道总能量和

Figure 8. Relationship between cumulative energy of various channels and topography during monitoring period

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表 1 光缆的基本技术指标

Table 1. Basic technical specifications of the optical cable

光纤类型	纤芯数量/根	截面直径/mm	光栅间距/m	护套材料
单模	1	2	2	聚氨酯

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表 2 DAS解调仪的设备参数

Table 2. Parameters of DAS demodulator

参数名称	数值	参数名称	数值
通道数/个	1	灵敏度	＜0.05 nε@5～10 Hz
探测距离/km	0～20	平均故障间隔时间/h	>750
响应频段/kHz	0～50	授时精度/μs	≤5
空间采样间隔/cm	≥10
定位精度/m	2, 5, 10

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表 3 DAS解调仪的基本技术指标

Table 3. Basic technical specifications of DAS demodulator

采样频率/Hz	道间距/m	标距长度/m	监测分量	记录模式	授时模式
500	2	2	单分量	连续记录	GPS授时

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