Three-dimensional modeling and visualization analysis of primary exhalative-sedimentary cycles of Gaodi-Daotuo manganese deposit, Guizhou Province
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摘要:
为佐证 “大塘坡式” 锰矿 “含锰气液底辟喷溢−沉积与准同生多次充注复合成矿” 新成矿模式，以贵州省高地−道坨超大型菱锰矿床为研究对象，开展喷溢−沉积旋回精细建模与三维可视化分析，揭示矿床成矿规律，为该类矿床深部及外围成矿预测提供支撑。对研究区含矿段钻孔岩（矿）心进行沉积旋回划分与对比，编制系列喷溢−沉积旋回剖面图；采用沉积学知识驱动的系列剖面拓扑推理与层面建模结合的方法，构建沉积旋回三维结构模型，同时基于角点网格的多点地质统计学随机属性建模方法，结合 TIN-CPG 混合数据模型构建锰含量三维属性模型，形成结构−属性一体化三维地质模型。本研究成功构建了研究区 5 期喷溢−沉积旋回的一体化三维模型，通过三维可视化分析，直观揭示矿床喷溢−沉积期次、强度变化规律，其中第一旋回喷溢作用较弱，第三、四旋回作用最强，富锰矿体（
w （Mn）≥25%）也主要集中于此，清晰再现了成矿过程。验证表明该精细建模方法可行，本研究提出的沉积学知识驱动的多期次沉积旋回三维结构推理建模方法及构建的精细旋回三维地质模型不仅为 “大塘坡式” 锰矿成矿模式提供了可视化证据，也为该类矿床成矿预测提供了直接模型依据。Abstract:ObjectiveTo verify the new metallogenic model of "manganese-bearing gas-liquid diapir exhalative-sedimentation and quasi-syngenetic multiple charging composite mineralization" for the Datangpo-type manganese deposit, this study takes the Gaodi-Daotuo super-large rhodochrosite deposit in Guizhou Province as the research object to conduct fine modeling of exhalative-sedimentary cycles and three-dimensional (3D) visualization analysis, aiming to reveal the ore-forming laws of the deposit and provide direct support for the deep and peripheral metallogenic prediction of such deposits.
MethodsFirst, the drill cores (ore cores) in the ore-bearing segment of each exploration line of the deposit were divided and correlated for sedimentary cycles, and a series of profile maps of manganese-bearing fluid exhalative-sedimentary cycles were compiled. On this basis, 3D structural model of sedimentary cycles was constructed by adopting the method combining sedimentology knowledge-driven serial profile topological reasoning and layer surface modeling. Meanwhile, combined with the Triangulated Irregular Network-Corner Point Grid (TIN-CPG) hybrid data model, 3D attribute model of manganese content was established by using the multi-point geostatistical random attribute modeling method based on Corner Point Grid (CPG), and finally an integrated 3D geological model with coupled structure and attribute was formed.
ResultsThis study successfully constructed an integrated 3D model of five stages of exhalative-sedimentary cycles in the study area. Through 3D visualization analysis including layered visualization, vector clipping and geological statistical analysis, the stages, intensity variation and mineralization process of manganese-bearing fluid exhalative-sedimentation in the deposit were directly and vividly revealed: the exhalative activity was relatively weak in the first cycle, while the third and fourth cycles had the strongest exhalative intensity, where the high-grade manganese ore bodies (
w (Mn)≥25%) were mainly concentrated. The multi-level verification results show that the fine modeling method of exhalative-sedimentary metallogenic cycles is scientifically feasible. The distinctive features of this study lie in the proposed 3D structural reasoning modeling method for multi-stage sedimentary cycles driven by sedimentology knowledge, as well as the constructed 3D geological model that reflects multi-stage fine exhalative-sedimentary cycles.ConclusionThe research results not only provide intuitive visual evidence for the new metallogenic model of Datangpo-type manganese deposit, but also reveal the unique exhalative-sedimentary metallogenic environment, spatial characteristics and ore-forming process of this super-large manganese deposit from the 3D visualization perspective, which is helpful for understanding the ore-forming mechanism, occurrence and distribution characteristics of the deposit, and provides a structural-attribute integrated 3D geological model for the subsequent deep and peripheral metallogenic prediction of such deposits.
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图 2 高地−道坨矿区平面走向及勘查线布置示意图（数据来源于贵州省103地质队）
Figure 2. Plan view of strike and exploration line layout of Gaodi-Daotuo ore area
图 3 高地−道坨矿区13号(a)和21号(b)勘查线含矿层段喷溢−沉积剖面旋回结构（数据来源于贵州省103地质队）
Figure 3. Cycle structure of exhalative-sedimentary profile of ore-bearing segment along exploration lines No.13 (a) and No.21 (b) in Gaodi-Daotuo ore area
图 5 高地−道坨“大塘坡式”锰矿成矿期的喷溢−沉积三维模型（含非矿段）
Figure 5. Three-dimensional model of exhalative-sedimentary mineralization during mineralization stage of Gaodi-Daotuo "Datangpo-type" manganese deposit (including non-ore segments)
图 6 高地−道坨“大塘坡式”锰矿的三维喷溢−沉积旋回模型
Figure 6. Three-dimensional exhalative-sedimentary cycle model of Gaodi-Daotuo "Datangpo-type" manganese deposit
图 7 高地−道坨矿体走向剪切剖面(a)及栅栏图(b)
Figure 7. Strike section (a) and fence diagram (b) of Gaodi-Daotuo ore body
图 8 研究区锰矿品位大于25%的锰矿分布
Figure 8. Distribution of manganese ore with manganese content greater than 25% in the study area
维度 其他建模方法 本方法 改进优势 插值算法 曲面拟合/克里金/反距离加权等 基于沉积学约束和等角度变比例投影的矿体
轮廓线自动匹配的相似变形插值符合沉积相空间演变规律 建模单元 按均质岩性划分建模单元，未见沉积旋回建模 按矿体内部的沉积旋回演化划分建模单元 突出多期次精细沉积旋回，
揭示沉积过程动态特征知识融合 数学拟合建模 基于沉积学知识约束的推理建模 增强沉积相、沉积亚相、
沉积微相的可解释性体元剖分网格类型 部分采用结构化直角网格，边界精度差 非结构化可退化的角点网格体元网格 精确拟合复杂矿体边界 属性建模方法 两点地质统计学或者多点地质
统计学或者没考虑属性建模包含两点和多点地质统计学建模，
兼顾结构和属性一体化可双重表征锰元素
品位空间分布特征
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