烃微渗漏蚀变信息提取及其浅部断裂解译分析：以库车坳陷却勒地区为例

吴珍云; 邓寒潇; 王莉; 张治鑫; 易子翔; 但迈; 毛可奕; 邱思宇; 夏菲; 李长圣

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250007

烃微渗漏蚀变信息提取及其浅部断裂解译分析：以库车坳陷却勒地区为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20250007

吴珍云^{1a, 1b, ,},
邓寒潇^1b,
王莉^{1b, 2},
张治鑫^{1b, 3},
易子翔^1b,
但迈^1b,
毛可奕^1b,
邱思宇^1b,
夏菲^1b,
李长圣^1b

1a .
东华理工大学：战略性矿产成矿理论与深部预测江西省重点实验室
1b .
东华理工大学：地球与行星科学学院，南昌 330013
2 .
合肥市第六中学，合肥 230001
3 .
重庆市地质矿产勘查开发集团国际矿业有限公司，重庆 400700

基金项目: 深地国家科技重大专项子课题（2024ZD1003306）；国家自然科学基金项目（41602208；42072320；42462025）；东华理工大学博士启动基金项目（DHBK2019053）

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：zhenyun_wu@ecut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.13；P627
计量
- 文章访问数: 535
- PDF下载量: 48
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-06
- 录用日期: 2025-07-15
- 修回日期: 2025-07-01
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-31

Extraction of hydrocarbon microseepage alteration information and interpretation of shallow faults: A case study of the Quele area, Kuqa Depression

WU Zhenyun^{1a, 1b
, ,},
DENG Hanxiao^1b,
WANG Li^{1b, 2},
ZHANG Zhixin^{1b, 3},
YI Zixiang^1b,
DAN Mai^1b,
MAO Keyi^1b,
QIU Siyu^1b,
XIA Fei^1b,
LI Changsheng^1b

1a .
Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Genesis and Prospect for Strategic Minerals, East China University of Technology
1b .
School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
2 .
Hefei No.6 High School, Hefei 230001, China
3 .
Chongqing Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development Group International Mining Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400700, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：zhenyun_wu@ecut.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
库车坳陷却勒地区油气地质条件优越，油气资源丰富，发育丰富的盐构造和复杂的断裂构造，为油气烃类物质上移造成地表烃微渗漏蚀变异常提供了良好条件。通过探讨该地区油气烃类物质上升过程中的微渗漏特征，分析其与浅部断裂的关系，为进一步厘定油区构造提供了理论依据。以Sentinel-2A卫星遥感数据为主要数据源，通过主成分分析法（PCA）提取油气烃微渗漏的空间分布特征，并结合地震剖面解析和野外实地调查，对却勒地区的烃微渗漏特征进行了综合分析。结果表明，却勒地区的烃微渗漏现象表现出明显的空间差异，在东阿瓦特褶皱带、喀拉玉尔滚走滑断裂带和却勒断层（却勒盐推覆体）等区域，油气烃微渗漏异常较为明显，表现为地表出现了较强的烃微渗漏蚀变现象。而在米斯坎塔克背斜区域，油气烃微渗漏现象相对较弱，几乎没有显著的地表渗漏迹象。研究证明却勒地区烃微渗漏蚀变与出露地表断裂呈强相关性。同时结合野外调查和地震剖面构造解析，进一步推断米斯坎塔克背斜南翼发育的断裂为隐伏断裂，该断裂未切穿地层至地表出露，因而未造成地表油气烃微渗漏蚀变。
- 库车坳陷 /
- 盐构造 /
- 遥感影像 /
- 断裂解译 /
- 烃微渗漏 /
- 米斯坎塔克背斜 /
- 信息提取 /
- 蚀变异常
Abstract:
Objective
The Quele area of the Kuqa Depression features favorable geological conditions, abundant oil and gas resources, well-developed salt structures, and complex fault systems, collectively creating ideal conditions for upward hydrocarbon migration and the resulting surface hydrocarbon microseepage alteration anomalies. This study investigates the characteristics of hydrocarbon microseepage during upward migration in the area and examines its relationship with shallow faults, providing a theoretical basis for further structural analysis of oil and gas reservoirs.
Methods
This study primarily utilized Sentinel-2A satellite imagery as the main data source. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the spatial distribution patterns of hydrocarbon microseepage. By combining seismic profile interpretation and field investigations, we comprehensively analyzed the hydrocarbon microseepage characteristics in the Quele area.
Results
The results reveal significant spatial variability in hydrocarbon microseepage across the Quele area. In regions such as the eastern Awate fold belt, Kalayuergun strike-slip fault zone, and the Quele fault (Quele salt nappe), hydrocarbon microseepage anomalies are more pronounced, with obvious surface alteration manifestations induced by microseepage. In contrast, the Miskantake anticline area exhibits relatively weak hydrocarbon microseepage, with nearly no discernible surface alteration signs.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates a strong correlation between hydrocarbon microseepage alteration and surface-exposed faults in the Quele area. Integrating field investigations and seismic profile analysis, it is furter inferred that the fault on the southern flank of the Miskantake anticline is a hidden fault, which does not cut through the strata to the surface and therefore fails to induce surface hydrocarbon microseepage alteration.
- Kuqa Depression /
- salt structure /
- remote sensing imagery /
- fault interpretation /
- hydrocarbon microseepage /
- Miskantake anticline /
- information extraction /
- alteration anomaly

HTML全文

图 1 库车坳陷构造带分布图(a,b)（据文献[24-25]改）及研究区地质图(c)

a. 库车坳陷所处位置示意图；b. 库车坳陷构造分带及却勒地区所处大地构造位置；c. 却勒地区地质图

Figure 1. Distribution of structural belts in the Kuqa Depression (a,b) and geological map of the study area (c)

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图 2 研究区地层柱状图（据文献[29-30]改）

Figure 2. Stratigraphic column of the study area

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图 3 东阿瓦特地震反射剖面（剖面位置见图1c）

Figure 3. Seismic reflection profile through the eastern Awate

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图 4 米斯坎塔克背斜地震反射剖面（剖面位置见图1c）

Figure 4. Seismic reflection profile through the Miskantake anticline

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图 5 研究区油气分布图（据文献[39-41]改）

Figure 5. Oil and gas distribution map of the study area

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图 6 蚀变矿物光谱曲线（据美国地质调查局USGS光谱库，B2～B12. Band2～Band12波段）

Figure 6. Spectral curve of mineralized alteration

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图 7 数据处理及烃微渗漏信息提取、应用流程图

Figure 7. Data processing flowchart and hydrocarbon microseepage information extraction and application

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图 8 烃微渗漏蚀变区域图

Figure 8. Hydrocarbon microseepage alteration zone map

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图 9 东阿瓦特地区蚀变分布区

Figure 9. Distribution of alteration zones in the eastern Awate area

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图 10 却勒地区野外勘查照片

a. 野外勘查点；b～d. 背斜南翼地层产状；e, f. 显示南翼地层中出现剥蚀沟谷，但未发现断层出露

Figure 10. Field exploration photos in the Quele area

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图 11 基于多源信息的却勒地区米斯坎塔克背斜地震剖面综合解译（剖面位置见图1c）

Figure 11. Comprehensive seismic profile interpretation of the Misikantake anticline in the Quele area based on multi-source information

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表 1 不同波段不同矿物蚀变主成分分析特征向量矩阵

Table 1. Eigenvector matrixes of PCA results of different mineralized alteration at different wavelength

碳酸盐矿化	B2	B5	B9	B12
PC1	0.403281	0.530089	0.292114	0.686323
PC2	0.470070	0.339078	0.401637	−0.709047
PC3	−0.457590	−0.222650	0.857485	0.075880
PC4	−0.637974	0.744620	−0.134449	−0.143019

黏土矿化	B3	B8a	B11	B12
PC1	−0.378322	−0.235866	−0.550977	−0.705453
PC2	−0.719525	−0.531536	0.234236	0.380641
PC3	−0.569885	0.776842	0.231427	−0.134866
PC4	−0.119950	0.241564	−0.766811	0.582460

红层褪色	B3	B4	B8a	B11
PC1	0.511409	0.633188	0.308594	0.492244
PC2	0.389663	0.304996	0.104515	−0.862680
PC3	0.164924	0.280572	−0.933693	0.059359
PC4	−0.747947	0.653705	0.057365	−0.099775

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同断层烃微渗漏分布比

Table 2. Distribution area ratio of hydrocarbon microseepage across different faults

缓冲区半径/m	隐伏断层缓冲区面积/km²	其他断裂缓冲区面积/km²	隐伏断层烃微渗漏面积占比/%	其他断裂烃微渗漏面积占比/%
50	2.96	15.16	0	15.92
100	2.98	15.17	0	15.26
500	24.38	121.47	0	15.72
1000	31.89	151.21	0	12.97
5000	311.58	1229.24	0.51	7.84

下载: 导出CSV

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