New ideas for identifying concealed traps in the Paleozoic carbonate buried-hills of the Shulu Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin and their exploration effectiveness
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摘要:
渤海湾盆地束鹿凹陷隐蔽型潜山具有圈闭识别难度大、成藏条件不清的问题，导致潜山勘探多年无法取得显著进展，亟需重新梳理勘探思路。以地质模式为导向，处理−解释一体化攻关，针对束鹿凹陷西斜坡下古生界碳酸盐岩高阻抗岩性体覆盖区潜山的识别，进一步深化西部斜坡带断裂解释和潜山成藏条件认识，构思了“断槽−冲蚀沟侧向遮挡”新型潜山成藏新模式。研究表明：针对局部目标攻关处理，应用速度模拟识别潜山顶面，采用各向异性叠前深度偏移技术提高了潜山内幕成像质量；低通滤波处理后，其内幕断层断点更加清晰，在斜坡带潜山顶面新发现断层50多条，发现和落实奥陶系有利圈闭30多个，圈闭面积增加近20 km2，JG21x等多口井在潜山获得高产油流；新的成藏模式打破了早期凹陷西斜坡带潜山为勘探空白区的认识，新型潜山油藏埋藏浅、产量高，成为华北探区效益新勘探有利区。通过地震资料处理、解释一体化攻关，得到高质量地震资料，在新地质模式指导下构思新型潜山成藏模式，这一勘探思路对高成熟探区的潜山勘探具有重要借鉴意义。
Abstract:Objective The hidden buried-hills in the Shulu Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin face challenges such as difficult trap identification and unclear reservoir conditions, leading to limited progress in buried-hill exploration over recent years. Consequently, it is essential to reorganize the exploration strategies.
Methods This study is guided by geological modeling and emphasizes the integration of seismic processing and interpretation. The aim is to deepen the understanding of fault interpretation and reservoir formation conditions within the coverage area of the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks on the western slope of the Shulu Sag. A new model of buried-hill reservoir formation, termed "fault trough erosion ditch lateral obstruction" is proposed.
Results The research demonstrates that processing, including velocity simulation, effectively identifies the top surface of the buried-hill. Additionally, anisotropic pre-stack depth migration technology enhances the imaging quality of the buried-hill's interior, while low-pass filtering clarifies internal fault breakpoints. Over 50 new faults have been identified on the top surface of the slope belt buried-hill, and more than 30 favorable traps within the Ordovician system have been identified and confirmed, resulting in an increased trap area of nearly 20 km2. Several wells, such as Well JG21x, have achieved high-yield oil flows within the buried-hill. The novel reservoir formation model challenges previous notions that the buried-hills on the western slope of the depression were non-exploratory targets. The newly proposed model suggests these reservoirs are shallow-buried with high productivity, becoming a promising area for exploration in North China. High-quality seismic data have been obtained through combined seismic data processing and interpretation. Guided by the new geological model, a fresh understanding of buried-hill reservoir formation has been developed.
Conclusion This integrated approach provides valuable reference insights for exploration in highly mature areas with complex buried-hills.
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Key words:
- Jizhong Depression /
- Shulu Sag /
- western slope belt /
- buried-hill trap /
- accumulation model /
- carbonate
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图 1 渤海湾盆地主要油田分布图(a)和束鹿凹陷构造单元图(b)
①南小陈构造；②辛集构造；③台西构造；④西曹固构造；⑤四芝兰构造；⑥小刘村构造；⑦台家庄构造；⑧荆丘构造
Figure 1. Distribution map of major oilfield (a) and tectonic units of the Shulu Sag (b) in the Bohai Bay Basin
图 3 西部斜坡带潜山结构（a. J18井合成记录标定；b. 过J18井地震剖面）
SP. 自然电位；GR. 自然伽马；RL3S. 浅三侧向电阻率；RL3D. 深三侧向电阻率；下同
Figure 3. Structuere of the buied-hill in the west slope zone
图 4 高阶交错网格声波正演模型
a. 主频15 Hz；b. 主频25 Hz；红色框为a和b两幅图对比的位置；下同
Figure 4. Viscoacoustic forward modeling of high-order taggered grid
图 6 新(a)老(b)地震资料解释方案对比图（剖面位置见图1b，下同）
Figure 6. Comparison of interpretation schemes for new (a) and old (b) seismic data
图 7 地震资料叠后滤波处理剖面（a. 高通滤波处理后；b. 低通滤波处理后）
Figure 7. Post-stack filtering profile of seismic data
图 9 Line 648线速度谱剖面图（红色线为断层，图中数字为线速度，单位为m/s）
Figure 9. Velocity spectrum section across Line 648
图 10 束鹿凹陷潜山顶面新老构造图对比
Figure 10. Comparison of the new and old structure maps of the buried-hill's top surface in the Shulu Sag
图 11 束鹿凹陷西斜坡成藏模式（① 断层控潜山；②楔状体层状潜山；③残丘潜山；④沟槽控潜山）
Figure 11. Reservoir model map of the west slope of Shulu sag
图 12 过JG21x井地震剖面图(a)和JG21x井综合柱状图(b)（RLLD. 深双侧向电阻率，下同）
Figure 12. Seismic profile across Well JG21x(a) and comprehensive lithology histogram of Well JG21x(b)
图 13 过JG14-1x-JG14-2x井任意线剖面(a)和JG14-1x-JG14-2x井综合柱状图(b，c)（RLLS. 浅双侧向电阻率）
Figure 13. Arbitrary line section acrossing Well JG14-1x and Well JG14-2x (a) and comprehensive lithology histogram of Well JG14-1x and Well JG14-2x (b, c)
表 1 钻至潜山顶面井震误差统计
Table 1. Well-seismic error statistics of the bottopm in the buried-hill
井名 潜山顶面深度/m 井震误差 钻井 各项同性地震 各项异性地震 钻井−各项同性地震 钻井−各项异性地震 绝对误差/m 相对误差/% 绝对误差/m 相对误差/% J8 3267 3450 3245 183 5.60 −22 −0.68 J18 1925 1950 1925 25 1.30 0 0 J97 3886 4031 3882 145 3.73 −4 −0.10 J100 3574 3601 3562 27 0.76 −12 −0.34 JG7 2476 2507 2476 31 1.25 0 0 JG21x 1874 1903 1874 29 1.55 0 0 JG22x 1589 1564 1589 −25 −1.57 0 0 JG23x 1507 1563 1507 56 3.72 0 0 JG28x 1620 1598 1624 −22 −1.36 4 0.25 
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