断陷湖盆灰质砾岩体储层特征及其油气成藏主控因素分析：以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷埕海断阶区为例

陈长伟; 董晓伟; 黄传炎; 刁丽颖; 任思南; 李晓静; 王洪波; 刘国全; 邹磊落; 吴雪松; 孙二鹏

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240802

断陷湖盆灰质砾岩体储层特征及其油气成藏主控因素分析：以渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷埕海断阶区为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240802

1.
中国石油大港油田公司，天津 300280
2.
中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院，武汉 430074
3.
中国石油大港油田天津储气库分公司，天津 300280

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项“渤海湾超级盆地油气富集规律与新领域勘探关键技术”（2024ZD1400100）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈长伟：E-mail：chenchwei@petrochina.com.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：dongxwei@petrochina.com.cn

huangchuanyan@cug.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 13
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-30
- 录用日期: 2026-01-31
- 修回日期: 2026-01-23
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-06

Analysis of reservoir characteristics and main control factors for oil and gas accumulation in limestone gravel rocks of fault basin: Taking the Chenghai fault stage area of Qikou Depression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an example

1.
Dagang Oilfield (Group) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300280, China
2.
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
3.
China Petroleum Dagang Oilfield Tianjin Gas Storage Company, Tianjin 300280, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：chenchwei@petrochina.com.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail: dongxwei@petrochina.com.cn; huangchuanyan@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
中国东部断陷盆地是重要的原油生产基地。经过多年高强度勘探开发，常规油气资源规模效益增储难度日益增加，深层、非常规、复杂岩性地质体等逐步成为勘探的重点。基于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷埕海断阶区的地质、钻井、地球物理等资料，对断陷湖盆灰质砾岩体的沉积储层特征及油气成藏主控因素进行了系统分析，总结其地质规律。结果表明：受埕宁隆起奥陶系物源区控制，埕海断阶区古近系沉积早期发育扇三角洲相灰质砾岩体，发育灰砾岩相、砂岩相、泥岩相3种岩相类型，存在灰砾岩、含砂质灰砾岩、含灰砾砂岩、砂岩4种储层类型，储层主要发育粒间溶蚀孔和裂缝2类储集空间。古沟槽控制扇三角洲灰质砾岩体分布，沟槽区灰质砾岩体储层厚度大；夹持于沙一下、沙二段、沙三段3套良好烃源岩之间，阶状断裂、不整合面及储集层联合疏导，灰质砾岩体整体含油；优势沉积微相和岩相控制优势储层分布，扇三角洲前缘水下分流河道细砂岩相储层富集高产。研究成果可为灰质砾岩体的勘探工作提供参考。
- 渤海湾盆地 /
- 歧口凹陷 /
- 埕海断阶区 /
- 沙河街组 /
- 灰质砾岩体 /
- 主控因素
Abstract:
The fault basins in eastern China represent significant crude oil production bases.
Objective
Following decades of intensive exploration and development, enhancing the scale and efficiency of conventional oil and gas resource exploitation has become increasingly challenging. Consequently, deep, unconventional, and complex lithological reservoirs are emerging as key exploration targets.
Methods
This study systematically analyzes the sedimentary reservoir characteristics and primary controls on hydrocarbon accumulation of the gray conglomerate body in the Chenghai fault step area, Huanghua Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, based on integrated geological, drilling, and geophysical data, and summarizes the associated geological mechanisms.
Results
The results indicate that during the early sedimentary stage, the Chenghai fault step area developed fan-delta facies calcareous conglomerates, sourced from the Ordovician strata of the Chengning Uplift. Three main lithofacies are identified: calcareous conglomerate, sandstone, and mudstone. Reservoir types can be classified into four categories: calcareous conglomerate, sandy calcareous conglomerate, conglomeratic calcareous rock, and sandstone. The reservoir spaces are dominated by intergranular dissolution pores and fractures. The distribution of calcareous conglomerate bodies within the fan delta is controlled by paleo-channels, with thicker reservoirs occurring within these channelized zones. Sandwiched between three sets of effective source rocks (the lower, second, and third members of the Shahejie Formation), hydrocarbon migration is facilitated by step faults, unconformities, and the reservoirs themselves, resulting in an overall oil-bearing calcareous conglomerate body. Furthermore, the distribution of high-quality reservoirs is governed by dominant sedimentary microfacies and lithofacies, with fine-grained sandstones in subaqueous distributary channels at the fan-delta front being the most productive reservoirs.
- Bohai Bay Basin /
- Qikou depression /
- Chenghai fault step area /
- Shahe Street /
- Gray gravel rock mass /
- Main controlling factors

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图 1 渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷埕海断阶区地质简图

Figure 1. Geological Diagram of Chenghai Fault Stage Area in Qikou Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 埕海断阶区灰砾岩体岩相类型

a. 颗粒定向排列砾岩相，zh10井，3371.6 m；b. 颗粒支撑砾岩相，zh10井，3364.7 m；c. 砂质支撑砾岩相，zh32X1井，3919.2 m；d.粒序层理砾岩相，zh10井，3 70.9 m；e. 块状含砾砂岩相，zh32X1井，3919.4 m；f. 波状交错层理砂岩相，zh10井，3420.2 m；g. 板状交错层理砂岩相，zh32X1井，3922.4 m；h. 槽状交错层理砂岩相，zh32X1井，3925.3 m；i. 槽状交错层理砂岩相，zh10井，3376.4 m；j. 粒序层理砂岩相，zh32X1井，3921.3 m；k. 灰绿色粉砂质泥岩相，zh10井，3305.6 m；l. 深灰色块状泥岩相，zh32X1井，3911.7 m

Figure 2. Lithological Types of Limestone Body in Chenghai Fault Stage Area

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图 3 埕海断阶区灰砾岩体3种岩相储层岩石学特征分析

a. 岩石类型三端元图；b. 颗粒接触关系直方图；c. 磨圆度直方图

Figure 3. Analysis of petrological characteristics of three types of lithofacies reservoirs in the Chenghai fault stage area of the limestone conglomerate body

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图 4 Zh32x1井沙二中岩心综合柱状图

Figure 4. Comprehensive Column Chart of Sha-2 Middle Core in Zh32x1 Well

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图 5 埕海灰砾岩体zh32X1井、zh31X1井铸体薄片孔隙类型图

a. 长石粒内溶孔，zh32X1井，3 914.25 m，单偏光；b. 粒间溶孔，zh32X1井，3 915.26 m，单偏光；c. 裂缝，zh32X1井，3 914.55 m，单偏光；d. 长石粒内溶孔，zh32X1井，3915 m，单偏光； e. 粒间溶孔、石英边缘溶蚀，zh32X1井，3 916 m，单偏光；f. 长石粒内溶孔，zh32X1井，3 922 m，单偏光； g. 长石溶蚀，zh31X1，3562.6 m，单偏光； h. 裂缝及扩大溶蚀孔，zh31X1，3 661.9 m，单偏光；i. 粒内及粒间溶孔，zh31X1，3 661.9 m，单偏光

Figure 5. Pore Types of Casting Thin Slices in Chenghai Limestone and Gravel Rocks of Well zh32X1 and Well zh31X1

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图 6 灰砾岩体区灰砾岩相、含砾砂岩相、细砂岩相储层孔喉结构特征

a. 灰砾岩孔喉球棍模型，zh32X1井，3 914.3 m；b. 含砾砂岩孔喉球棍模型，zh32X1井，3 915.2 m；c. 细砂岩孔喉球棍模型，zh32X1井，3 922.5 m；d. 灰砾岩高压压汞曲线，zh32X1井，3 914.3 m；e. 含砾砂岩高压压汞曲线，zh32X1井，3 915.2 m； f. 细砂岩高压压汞曲线，zh32X1井，3 922.5 m

Figure 6. Characteristics of pore throat structure in limestone, gravel bearing sandstone, and fine sandstone reservoirs in the limestone area

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图 7 渤海湾盆地埕北断阶区沟槽地震特征

Figure 7. Seismic characteristics of grooves in the Chengbei fault step area of the Bohai Bay Basin

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图 8 埕海断阶区沙三段-沙二段重要亚段沉积微相图

Figure 8. Sedimentary microfacies map of the important sub sections of the Sha3 to Sha2 in the Chenghai fault zone

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图 9 渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷沙一段和沙三段烃源岩厚度图

Figure 9. Thickness Map of Source Rocks in Sha-1 and Sha-3 Member of Qikou Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

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图 10 灰砾岩体区灰砾岩相、含砾砂岩相、细砂岩相储层微观含油性特征

a. 灰砾岩中低暗荧光，zh10井，3 377.6 m；b. 灰砾岩中暗荧光，zh10井，3 918.5 m；c. 含砾砂岩中暗荧光，zh10井，3 377.5 m；d. 含砾砂岩低暗荧光，zh32X1井，3 918.2 m；e. 细砂岩中亮中暗荧光，zh32X1井，3 921.1 m； f. 细砂岩中亮中暗荧光，zh32X1井，3 922.2 m

Figure 10. Microscopic oil bearing characteristics of limestone, gravel bearing sandstone, and fine sandstone reservoirs in the limestone conglomerate area

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图 11 埕海中断阶区灰砾岩体烃源岩供烃模式图

Figure 11. Hydrocarbon Supply Model of Limestone Source Rocks in Chenghai Fault Stage Area

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图 12 渤海湾盆地埕海断阶区沙二段勘探成果图

Figure 12. Exploration Results of Sha2 Member in Chenghai Fault Stage Area of Bohai Bay Basin

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表 1 Zh32X1井有机质成熟度参数

Table 1. Organic Maturity Parameters of Well Zh32X1

深度/m	岩性	T_max/℃	R_o/%	Ts/(Ts+Tm)	C₂₉ββ/ (ββ+αα)	C₂₉20S/ （20S+20R）	CPI
3905.4	泥岩	436.8		0.67	0.39	0.49	1.055
3906.4	泥岩	436.3		0.67	0.38	0.44	1.084
3907.4	泥岩	432.7	1.02	0.77	0.49	0.43	1.097
3910.4	泥岩	440.7	1.05	0.75	0.45	0.35	1.097
3912.4	泥岩	440.6	1.05	0.81	0.41	0.44	1.093
平均值		439.3	1.04	0.73	0.42	0.43	1.085
注：T_max. 最高热解峰温；R_o. 镜质体反射率；Ts/(Ts+Tm). 稳定萜类(Ts)占稳定+较不稳定萜类 (Ts+Tm)的比例；C₂₉20S/（20S+20R）和C₂₉ββ/（ββ+αα）. 甾烷异构化参数；CPI. 碳优势指数参数

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