地下水位波动驱动的沉积物充放电规律与机制

王培源; 童曼; 张鹏

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240788

地下水位波动驱动的沉积物充放电规律与机制

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240788

中国地质大学（武汉）地质微生物与环境全国重点实验室，武汉 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（42277072）

详细信息

作者简介:
王培源：E-mail：cug2018wpy@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：tongman@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P593；P641
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- 文章访问数: 176
- PDF下载量: 9
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-27
- 录用日期: 2025-06-09
- 修回日期: 2025-05-29
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-10

Patterns and mechanisms of sediment charging and discharging driven by groundwater level fluctuations

State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：cug2018wpy@cug.edu.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail：tongman@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
地下环境中生物地球化学反应的本质是电子转移。沉积物是地下环境中重要的电子储库，在水位波动驱动下可进行循环的电子储存与释放，显著影响地下环境中的物质转化和元素循环。然而，目前对于地下水位波动驱动的沉积物充放电规律及机制仍缺乏认识。本研究构建了一维土柱体系模拟地下水位波动带，结合化学分析、铁矿物形态分析和分子生物学技术，探究了水位波动驱动的沉积物充放电规律与机制。结果表明，在短周期波动模式下，沉积物可以完成2次充−放电循环，最大充放电量分别为2.3，8 μmol e⁻·g⁻¹，最大充放电速率为0.577，2.012 μmol e⁻·g⁻¹·d⁻¹。沉积物的给电子容量（EDC）主要由吸附态、离子交换态和高活性弱结晶态Fe(Ⅱ)贡献。水位波动通过驱动Fe(Ⅲ)生物还原−Fe(Ⅱ)化学氧化实现沉积物的充放电循环。随着还原−氧化反应的循环，铁氧化物的生物可利用性降低，导致沉积物无法持续充放电。电子穿梭体蒽醌-2,6-二磺酸（AQDS）的输入初期显著提高了充放电速率，但加速了Fe(Ⅲ)生物可利用性的降低，最终使充放电速率逐渐下降，充放电循环在第3周期停止。电子供体乳酸钠的输入显著富集了铁还原菌Anaeromyxobacter，维持了Fe(Ⅲ)的高生物可利用性，使沉积物的充放电速率显著提高，在水位波动下能进行持续的充放电循环。本研究揭示了不同水位波动条件下沉积物充放电行为的变化规律及其控制机制，为地下水污染防控提供了新的策略。
- 地下水位波动 /
- 沉积物 /
- 铁循环 /
- 电子转移 /
- 生物地球化学反应
Abstract: Objective
Electron transfer is fundamental to biogeochemical reactions in subsurface environments. Sediments act as key electron reservoirs capable of cyclic electron storage and release under groundwater level fluctuations, thereby significantly influencing material transformation and elemental cycling. However, the patterns and mechanisms governing sediment charging and discharging driven by groundwater level fluctuations remain poorly understood.
Methods
In this study, a one-dimensional soil column system was developed to simulate the groundwater fluctuation zone. The patterns and mechanisms of sediment charging and discharging driven by groundwater level fluctuations were investigated using a combination of chemical analyses, iron mineral speciation, and molecular biological techniques.
Results
The results showed that under short-cycle fluctuation conditions, sediments completed two charging-discharging cycles, with maximum charge/discharge capacities of 2.3, 8 μmol e⁻·g⁻¹, and peak rates of 0.577, 2.012 μmol e⁻·g⁻¹·d⁻¹, respectively. The electron donating capacity (EDC) of the sediments was mainly contributed by adsorbed, ion-exchangeable, and highly reactive weakly crystalline Fe(Ⅱ). Water level fluctuations drove microbial Fe(Ⅲ) reduction followed by chemical Fe(Ⅱ) oxidation, thereby enabling sediment charging and discharging cycles. However, repeated redox cycles reduced the bioavailability of iron oxides, ultimately hindering sustained electron storage and release. The introduction of the electron shuttle anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) significantly increased the initial charging and discharging rate but also accelerated the decline in Fe(Ⅲ) bioavailability, resulting in a gradual decrease in the charging and discharging rate and the cessation of cycling after the third cycle. In contrast, the addition of sodium lactate, as an electron donor, significantly enriched the iron-reducing bacterium Anaeromyxobacter, maintained high Fe(Ⅲ) bioavailability, and markedly enhanced the charging and discharging rate, supporting sustained cycling under water level fluctuations.
Conclusion
This study reveals the variation patterns and regulatory mechanisms of sediment charging and discharging behaviors under different groundwater level fluctuation regimes, providing new strategies for groundwater pollution prevention and control.
- groundwater level fluctuation /
- sediment /
- iron cycling /
- electron transfer /
- biogeochemical reaction

HTML全文

图 1 一维水位波动土柱装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of one-dimensional soil column system for water level fluctuations

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图 2 在水位波动过程中沉积物中溶解氧DO变化

Figure 2. Variations in dissolved oxygen (DO) in sediments during water level fluctuations

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图 3 不同水位波动模式下沉积物给电子容量EDC变化（背景中的蓝色带表示在高水位时采集的样本，白色带表示在低水位时采集的样本）

Figure 3. Changes in sediment EDC under different water level fluctuation patterns

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图 4 水位波动下沉积物中各形态Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)的变化

Figure 4. Variations in different forms of Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ) in sediments under water level fluctuations

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图 5 ΔEDC与ΔFe(Ⅱ)的线性拟合

Figure 5. Linear fitting between ΔEDC and ΔFe(Ⅱ)

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图 6 沉积物穆斯堡尔光谱

Figure 6. Mössbauer spectra of sediments

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图 7 微生物群落结构

a. 沉积物中丰度前10 的属；b. 微生物与环境因子相关性分析

Figure 7. Microbial community structure

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