库车坳陷侏罗系克孜勒努尔组深部煤层特征及启示

赵亚汶; 谢会文; 严德天; 王斌; 易艳; 李玲; 杨果; 程旺明

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240785

库车坳陷侏罗系克孜勒努尔组深部煤层特征及启示

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240785

赵亚汶^1,,
谢会文^{1, 2, 3},
严德天⁴,
王斌^{1, 2, 3},
易艳^{1, 2},
李玲^{1, 2},
杨果^{1, 2, 3},
程旺明^{1, 2}

1 .
中国石油塔里木油田分公司，新疆库尔勒 841000
2 .
中国石油超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心，新疆库尔勒 841000
3 .
新疆超深油气重点实验室，新疆库尔勒 8410003
4 .
中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院，武汉 430074

基金项目: 新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”项目“库车北部构造带东部侏罗系煤层地质特征及煤层气有利成藏模式研究”(TC2025T01)；中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目（2023ZZ14YJ02）；中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技专项（2022KT0201）

详细信息

作者简介:
赵亚汶：E-mail：zhaoyawen2022@foxmail.com

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-27
- 网络出版日期: 2025-09-15

Characteristics and enlightenment of deep coal rocks in the Jurassic Kizilnur Formation of Kuqa Depression

ZHAO Yawen^1
,,
XIE Huiwen^{1, 2, 3},
YAN Detian⁴,
WANG Bin^{1, 2, 3},
YI Yan^{1, 2},
LI Ling^{1, 2},
YANG Guo^{1, 2, 3},
CHENG Wangming^{1, 2}

1 .
Tarim Oilfield Company, China National Petroleum Corporation, Korla Xinjiang 841000, China
2 .
R & D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development, China National Petroleum Corporation, Korla Xinjiang 841000, China
3 .
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultra-deep Oil and Gas, Korla Xinjiang 841003, China
4 .
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, Hubei

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：zhaoyawen2022@foxmail.com

摘要

摘要:
目前库车坳陷侏罗系克孜勒努尔组煤层的研究主要集中在浅部，有关深部煤层的研究却很少。针对库车坳陷侏罗系克孜勒努尔组煤层煤岩特征、储层物性和含气性不明等问题，依托钻井资料，采用地震资料处理、连井分析、取样观察及气测孔渗、等温吸附实验等方法，对该区块煤层的几何分布特征、煤岩煤质特征、储层物性、吸附性和含气量等方面进行了研究。研究表明：①研究区克孜勒努尔组深部煤层以原生结构为主，有机显微组分以镜质组为主，平均质量分数达62.20%，有机质类型均为Ⅲ型，中煤阶；整体属于中高挥发分、特低硫分、特低−低灰分的煤层；②深部煤层的气测孔隙度平均值为7.10%，平均渗透率为0.685×10⁻³ μm²，其甲烷的吸附能力受镜质体反射率、水分含量和灰分产率的影响大；③库车坳陷侏罗系克孜勒努尔组埋深2 000～5 000 m的煤层主要分布在北部构造带内，面积达2 800 km²，单层厚度最高可达22 m，实测深部煤层平均含气量11.77 m³/t，资源潜力巨大。对比浅部煤层，研究区克孜勒努尔组深部煤层受埋深影响明显，成熟度高并已规模产气，具备勘探潜力；含水饱和度是影响克孜勒努尔组煤层含气性的关键因素；含水饱和度低且有利于游离气富集的迪北缓坡平台将是库车坳陷煤岩气的有利目标区。
- 库车坳陷 /
- 克孜勒努尔组 /
- 煤层 /
- 煤储层特征
Abstract: Objective
At present, research on the coal seams of the Jurassic Kizilnur Formation in the Kuche Depression mainly focuses on the shallow parts, with little research on the deep coal seams.
Methods
In response to the unknown coal and rock characteristics, reservoir properties, and gas content of the coal seam of Jurassic Kizilnur Formation in the Kuqa Depression, the geometric distribution characteristics, the characteristics of coal rock and coal quality, reservoir properties, adsorption properties, and gas content of the coal seam in this block were studied based on the following methods, such as drilling data, seismic data processing, wellbore analysis, sampling observation, gas measurement, pore permeability, and isothermal adsorption experiments.
Results
The research show that: The deep coal seams of the Kizilnur Formation in the research area are mainly composed of primary structures, and the organic microscopic components are mainly composed of vitrinite, with an average content of 62.2%, and the organic matter type is all type III. The coal seam is of medium rank, and overall belongs to the coal seam with medium to high volatile matter, ultra-low sulfur content, and extra low to low ash content. The average porosity of gas in deep coal seams is 7.10%, with an average permeability of 0.685×10⁻³ μm². The gas-permeable porosity of deep coal seams averages 7.10%, and the average permeability is 0.685 millidarcies. Furthermore, methane adsorption capacity is significantly influenced by the reflectance of macrinite, water content, and ash yield. The coal seams of the Jurassic Kizilnur Formation in the Kuqa Depression, with a burial depth of 2000-5000 meters, are mainly distributed in the Northern Structural Zone, covering an area of 2800 km² and a maximum single layer thickness of 22 meters. The average gas content of the deep coal seam measured is 11.77 m³/t, indicating enormous resource potential.
Conclusion
Compared to shallow coal seams, the deep coal seams of the Kezilnur Formation in the study area are significantly affected by burial depth, exhibit high maturity, and have achieved large-scale gas production, indicating their exploration potential. Water saturation emerges as a critical factor influencing the gas content of these coal seams. Specifically, the Dibei gentle slope platform in Kuqa Depression is deemed particularly advantageous for CBM extraction due to its favorable hydrological and geological attributes.
- Kuqa Depression /
- Kizilnur Formation /
- coal seam /
- coal reservoir characteristics

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图 1 库车坳陷构造单元分布图（a）（a修改自王珂等^[26]）、过DS2井南北向地震叠前深度偏移剖面（b）（剖面位置见图a）和克孜勒努尔组克三、四段地层（YM1井）（c）（T_k.白垩系地震界限，其他类推）

Figure 1. Structural units in Kuqa Depressiona（modified from WANG et al^[26]）(a)，The north-south seismic profiles passing through DS2 wells (b) and stratigraphic system of sections 3-4 in Kizilnur Formationin (c)

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图 2 库车坳陷侏罗系克孜勒努尔组煤层累计厚度叠合埋深图

Figure 2. Stacked map of cumulative thickness and burial depth of coal seams in the Jurassic Kizilnur Formation of the Kuqa Depression

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图 3 MY1井克孜勒努尔组煤岩显微组分照片

a. 条带状基质镜质体、角质体，胶结莓球状黄铁矿等，c. a的荧光照片，角质体发黄色荧光；b. 条带状均质镜质体、基质镜质体和角质体，胶结惰屑体；d. b的荧光照片，角质体发弱黄色荧光

Figure 3. Photo of the microscopic composition of coal rocks in the Kizilnur Formation of MY1 well

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图 4 YM1井克孜勒努尔组煤样的扫描电镜照片（a、b）、核磁分析图（c）

a. 基质镜质体（或过渡组分）及其残留胞腔孔，发育层间裂隙，YM1-3；b. 结构镜质体（或过渡组分）及其残留胞腔孔，胞腔孔大多已变形，有的被高岭石、石盐充填，YM5-1；c. YM1-1煤样核磁实验图

Figure 4. Energy spectrum photograph (a, b) and NMR analysis chart (c) of coal samples from the Kizilnur Formation in YM1 well

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图 5 YM1和明浅地区煤层高压压汞曲线（a，b）、N₂吸附法对应的吸附曲线（c）和CO₂吸附法（d）对应的吸附曲线

Figure 5. The curves of high-pressure mercury intrusion (a, b), nitrogen adsorption method curves (c), and carbon dioxide adsorption experiment curves (d) for coal seams in YM1 well and MQ area

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图 6 克孜勒努尔组MQ1-2（a）和YM1-1（b）煤样在不同温度下的等温吸附实验

Figure 6. Isothermal adsorption experiments of MQ1-2 (a) and YM1-1 (b) coal samples from the Kizilnur Formation at different temperatures

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图 7 YM1井和明浅地区克孜勒努尔组煤层深度（a）、镜质体反射率（b）、灰分含量、镜质组含量（c）和孔隙度的关系图

Figure 7. Relationships between depth（a）, reflectance of macrinite（b）, ash content, content of macrinite group（c） and porosity for coal seams in Kizilnur Formation of YM1 well and MQ Area

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图 8 YM1井和明浅地区克孜勒努尔组煤层镜质体反射率（a）、挥发分产率（b）、水分含量（c）、BET比表面积（d）、镜质组含量（e）、灰分产率（f）和兰氏体积的关系图

Figure 8. Relationships between reflectance of macrinite（a），yield of volatiles（b），water content（c），BET specific surface area（d），content of macrinite group（e），ash content（f） and Lange volume of coal seams in Kizilnur Formation of YM1 well and MQ area

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图 9 MQ3井克孜勒努尔组2号煤层水分含量（a）、灰分产率（b）、镜质组含量（c）、BET比表面积（d）和兰氏体积的关系图

Figure 9. Relationships between water content （a），ash content（b），content of macrinite group（c），BET specific surface area（d） and Lange volume of No.2 coal seams in Kizilnur Formation of MQ3 well

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图 10 YM1井克孜勒努尔组煤层镜质体反射率（a）、深度（b）和实测含气量的关系图

Figure 10. Relationships between reflectance of macrinite（a），depth（b） and gas content（c） for coal seams in Kizilnur Formation of YM1 well

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表 1 YM1井和明浅地区克孜勒努尔组煤层的煤质实验结果

Table 1. Quality experimental results of coal seams of Kizilnur Formation in YM1 well and MQ area

区块	煤号	深度/m	体积分数φ_B/%							R_o/%
区块	煤号	深度/m	镜质组含量	惰质组含量	壳质组含量	M_ad	A_d	V_daf	S_t,d	R_o/%
YM1	1	4352.00～ 4354.97	49.2～48.8 61.05	16.6～46.2 30.15	2.7～17.3 6.7	1.14～2.05 1.42	0.76～10.01 4.83	23.87～41.64 30.96	0.21～0.42 0.29	0.82～0.86 0.84
	2	4369.70～ 4375.10	61.8～75.2 69.83	18.8～33.8 25.33	1.4～3.9 2.38	1.32～1.69 1.52	13.32～24.41 17.53	27.02～35.82 29.83	/	0.80～0.86 0.84
	3	4409.90～ 4415.40	/	/	/	4.39	17.3	31.79	/	/
	5	4458.00～ 4462.50	42.2	52.8	3.5	1.07～1.82 1.45	1.96～26.42 14.19	29.25～34.40 31.83	0.48	0.89
平均值			62.20	30.00	5.50	1.53	15.70	31.19	0.33	0.85
明浅地区	0	84.00～ 648.25	53.0～77.2 61.3	16.8～42.6 33.0	2.0～4.6 3.3	2.44～6.75 3.95	1.38～11.01 7.48	36.02～40.12 37.04	0.15～1.51 0.75	0.49
	1	153.85～ 710.00	41.4～77.8 59.5	13.6～54.2 34.8	1.4～6.4 3.3	2.79～7.82 4.92	2.26～14.83 7.17	27.64～41.04 33.09	0.13～0.62 0.33	0.47～0.64 0.56
	2	227.00～ 796.00	13.8～78.4 55.8	17.6～81.6 39.1	1.6～5.2 2.8	3.10～7.65 4.71	1.55～16.16 6.84	26.65～34.61 30.06	0.06～0.55 0.17	0.42～0.52 0.46
	3	268.40～ 841.05	36.8～85.8 63.1	8.2～57.63 1.8	1.6～3.8 2.4	2.32～5.91 4.52	2.42～32.57 7.61	24.63～37.78 30.81	0.11～1.47 0.32	0.48～0.69 0.62
	4	341.30～ 898.50	56.2～77.8 64.7	17.2～39.2 30.3	1.4～4.6 2.6	1.76～7.55 3.75	1.66～11.50 6.13	22.98～35.97 32.00	0.08～0.39 0.20	0.59～0.60 0.60
平均值			60.43	34.54	2.64	4.13	6.57	31.56	0.28	0.55
注：①数据格式: 最小值～最大值；②M_ad为水分（空气干燥基）；A_d为灰分（干燥基）；V_daf为挥发分（干燥无灰基）；S_t,d为全硫分（干燥基）；R_o为镜质体反射率。

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表 2 YM1和明浅地区煤层N₂吸附法和CO₂吸附法联测的孔隙结构数据

Table 2. Porosity structure data acquired via combined N₂ and CO₂ Adsorption experiments for coal seams in YM1 well and MQ area

井号或地区	平均深度/m		氮气吸附			低压CO2吸附
井号或地区	平均深度/m		吸附量/(cm³·g⁻¹)	比表面/(m²·g⁻¹)	孔体积/(cm³·g⁻¹)	吸附量/(cm³·g⁻¹)	比表面/(m²·g⁻¹)	孔体积/(cm³·g⁻¹)
YM1	4353	范围	3.223～4.353	1.869～2.000	0.005～0.007	10.614～12.247	108.010～126.460	0.034～0.039
YM1	4353	平均	3.788	1.935	0.006	11.430	117.235	0.036
明浅地区	490	范围	5.596～29.860	2.283～39.156	0.009～0.044	9.116～23.288	94.151～240.660	0.029～0.071
明浅地区	490	平均	11.577	11.404	0.018	18.995	195.453	0.057

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表 3 YM1井克孜勒努尔组煤岩现场含气量测试结果

Table 3. Gas content test table for coal seams in Kizilnur Formation of YM1 well

序号	测试编号	取样深度/m	损失气/（m³·t⁻¹）	解吸气/（m³·t⁻¹）	残余气/（m³·t⁻¹）	干燥无灰基总气量（m³·t⁻¹）
1	YM1-1	4352.34	3.93	7.99	0.18	12.87
2	YM1-2	4353.06	2.81	7.93	0.16	11.80
3	YM1-3	4353.75	2.65	8.78	0.16	12.54
4	YM1-4	4354.69	2.77	5.18	0.22	9.92
5	YM5-1	4459.76	2.70	8.34	0.11	11.70
6	YM5-2	4465.06	1.11	5.24	0.12	8.97

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表 4 库车侏罗系克孜勒努尔组和准噶尔白家海凸起、鄂尔多斯大吉区块煤层地质特征对比

Table 4. Comparison of geological characteristics of coal seams in the Kuqa Jurassic Kizilnur Formation, the Baijiahai Uplift in Junggar, and the Daji Block in Ordos Basin

地区地层	库车北部构造带深部侏罗系克孜勒努尔组（J₂kz）煤层	准噶尔盆地白家海凸起西山窑组（J₂x）煤层	鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁−吉县区块石炭系本溪组（C₁b）煤层
埋深/m	2000～5000	2200～3200	1865～2520
厚度/m	1.8～17，平均6.6	5～20，平均8.3	4～12，平均7.8
煤体结构	以原生结构为主，割理、裂隙较发育	以原生结构为主，煤体结构完整、力学强度好	以原生结构为主，割理、裂隙发育
盖层条件	顶板以泥岩、粉砂质泥岩为主，厚10～20 m；底板泥岩分布稳定，厚30～65 m	顶板泥岩厚30～70 m，底板泥岩厚5～30 m，较稳定	顶板灰岩厚度4～8 m，底板发育泥岩
成熟度/%	0.70～1.4，平均0.88	0.60～0.85，平均0.71	平均2.6，热演化程度相对较高
压力系数	1.15（邻井试油井口压力反推）	0.91～1.00	0.90～0.94
储层温度/℃	65～145（邻井预测温度）	66～78	61. 3～73. 4
等温吸附特征	兰氏体积（V_L）平均12.28 m³/t，兰氏压力（P_L）平均3.24 MPa	兰氏体积（V_L）平均7.98 m³/t，兰氏压力（P_L）平均5.80 MPa	兰氏体积（V_L）平均28.29 m³/t，兰氏压力（P_L）平均3.06 MPa
含气量/(m³·t⁻¹)	11.77	14.77	15.00～26.00
孔隙度/%	5.49～8.36，平均6.96	5.00～13.33，8.76	0.49～6.11，平均 2.92
渗透率/10⁻³ μm²	0.685	1.360	0.03～0.05

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