华北地台晚古生代山西组成煤环境对煤层含气性的影响

张兵; 别世珍; 米洪刚; 王小明; 焦养泉; 苏羽; 吴立群; 乐亮; 马遵敬; 秦晨烊; 付一鸣

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240769

华北地台晚古生代山西组成煤环境对煤层含气性的影响

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240769

1.
中联煤层气有限责任公司，北京 100011
2.
中国地质大学（武汉）资源学院，武汉 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目（42230804）

详细信息

作者简介:
张兵：E-mail：zhangbing16@cnooc.com.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：bieshizhen@cug.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 65
- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-18
- 录用日期: 2025-03-31
- 修回日期: 2025-03-18
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-09

Impact of coal-forming environment of Shanxi Formation in Late Paleozoic of North China Platform on coal seam gas content

1.
China United Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd., Beijing 100011, China
2.
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：zhangbing16@cnooc.com.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail：bieshizhen@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
成煤环境是影响煤层气富集的重要因素之一，以往对成煤环境影响煤层含气性的研究仅局限在单一矿区或单个煤层气区块内，以华北克拉通为研究区，整体探讨成煤环境对煤层含气性影响的研究相对缺乏。在系统收集华北地区山西组煤层的煤相和含气量数据的基础上，结合实测数据，系统总结了华北地区山西组煤层的成煤环境和含气性特点，详细探讨了华北地台晚古生代山西组成煤环境对煤层含气性的影响。结果表明，华北地区山西组成煤演化顺序可以分为5个沉积组合：冲积扇−辫状河沉积→曲流河−湖泊沉积→三角洲沉积→碎屑岸线沉积→滨浅海碳酸盐及碎屑沉积；不同沉积组合下山西组的含气性呈现出不同的特点，三角洲沉积组合、碎屑岸线沉积组合背景下形成的煤层含气量较高。成煤环境主要通过控制煤层厚度、煤质特征、煤层顶底板岩性及厚度来影响煤层的含气性。煤相参数反映了成煤环境的水动力条件、水体含氧条件等环境地质因素差异，在垂向上体现了煤层煤质变化的特点，进而造成了煤层含气性差异，高凝胶化指数（GI）、高镜惰比（V/I）条件下，泥炭沼泽覆水较深、水体还原性强，利于镜质体保存，含气量较大，高搬运指数（TI）条件下，泥炭沼泽水体动荡，氧化性较强，惰质体含量较高，不利于生烃和煤层气的保存，含气量较低。研究成果可为华北地区煤层气勘探部署提供理论参考。
- 华北地台 /
- 山西组 /
- 成煤环境 /
- 沉积环境 /
- 煤相 /
- 煤层气 /
- 含气性
Abstract:
Objective
The coal-forming environment plays a pivotal role in coalbed methane enrichment, with previous studies primarily focusing on specific mining areas and coalbed methane blocks. These studies have typically examined the influence of the coal-forming environment on coal seam gas content from the perspectives of sedimentary environment and coal facies within limited geographic scopes. However, a comprehensive and systematic overview of the overall influence of the coal-forming environment on gas content, particularly in North China Craton, has been lacking. This research, centered on the North China Craton, aims to address this gap by systematically analyzing the coal-forming environment and gas characteristics of the Shanxi Formation coal seams.
Methods
Based on coal facies and gas content data from the Shanxi Formation coal seams, together with measured data, the study comprehensively summarized the Late Paleozoic coal-forming environment and gas-bearing characteristics of the Shanxi Formation on the North China Platform and explored the impact of the environment on gas content in coal seams.
Results
The results indicated that the strata of the Shanxi Formation in North China were formed during marine regression, with the shoreline retreating toward the southeast. The coal-forming sequence was categorized into five sedimentary assemblages: alluvial fan–braided river deposits → meandering river–lacustrine deposits → deltaic deposits → clastic shoreline deposits → coastal shallow-marine carbonate and clastic deposits. The gas content in the Shanxi Formation exhibited distinct characteristics across different sedimentary assemblages, with higher gas content observed in coal seams formed under deltaic and clastic coastal depositional environments. The coal-forming environment significantly influences coal seam gas-bearing properties by affecting coal seam thickness, coal quality, and the lithology and thickness of the roof and floor strata. Generally, higher coalbed methane content is associated with thicker coal seams, higher vitrinite content, lower ash content, denser lithology, and greater thickness of roof and floor strata, as well as a more favorable sealing capacity in the coal-bearing basin. Coal facies parameters, which reflect variations in environmental factors such as hydrodynamic conditions and oxygen levels, along with vertical heterogeneity in coal quality, contribute to differences in gas content. Peat swamps with high gelation index (GI) and high vitrinite/inertinite ratio (V/I) exhibit deep water coverage and strongly reducing conditions, facilitating vitrinite preservation and higher gas content. Conversely, conditions of high transport index (TI), strong hydrodynamic activity in peat bogs, enhanced oxidation, and elevated inertinite content are unfavorable for hydrocarbon generation, leading to lower gas content.
Conclusion
The research results can provide theoretical references for the exploration and deployment of coalbed methane resources in North China.
- North China Platform /
- Shanxi Formation /
- coal-forming environment /
- sedimentary environment /
- coal facies /
- coalbed methane /
- gas content

HTML全文

图 1 华北克拉通主要煤田分布图（据文献[8]）

Figure 1. Distribution map of major coalfields in North China Craton

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 冀东地区山西组煤层厚度及连续性变化（据文献[20]）

Figure 2. Variations in coal seam thickness and continuity of Shanxi Formation in eastern Hebei area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 华北地区部分煤田山西组柱状图（据文献[21-27]）

Figure 3. Stratigraphic columns of Shanxi Formation in selected coalfields in North China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 华北地区二叠纪山西组成煤环境演化模式（据文献[31]）

a.华北地区沉积相组合分布；b.沉积相区域演化图；c.沉积相演化剖面图

Figure 4. Evolution model of coal-forming environment of Permian Shanxi Formation in North China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 华北地区山西组煤层GI-TPI相图

（+），（−）分别表示植物密度高和低

Figure 5. GI-TPI facies plot of Shanxi Formation coal seams in North China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 华北地区山西组GWI-VI相图

Figure 6. GWI-VI facies plot of Shanxi Formation coal seams in North China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 沁水盆地山西组3#煤沉积环境和煤层厚度分布（a）以及含气量分布（b）（据文献[47]）

Figure 7. Distribution of sedimentary environment and coal seam thickness (a) and gas content distribution (b) of No. 3 coal in Shanxi Formation of Qinshui Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 不同地区含气量与煤相参数关系图

Figure 8. Relationship between coal facies parameters and gas content in different areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 华北地区山西组主要聚煤区煤相和含气性结果

Table 1. Coal facies and gas content results of main coal accumulation areas of Shanxi Formation in North China

地区	煤层	TPI	GI	TI	V/I	GWI	VI	w（灰分）/%	文献来源
平顶山矿区	二₂	0.87	3.02	1.40	2.36	0.05	0.87	4.8～11.3 （均值6.22）	[21]
		0.56	1.30	5.20	0.93	0.06	0.62
		0.45	0.94	4.27	0.45	0.24	0.54
柳林区块	4#	0.90	5.80	1.25	3.50	0.10	1.51	3.29～16.24 （均值9.16）	[34]
		2.90	9.50	0.31	5.28	0.10	0.30
		1.10	31.70	0.89	20.65	0.10	0.48
西山古交区块	2#	1.26	2.76	0.75	1.86	0.04	1.51	8.17～24.85 （均值15.33）	[35]
		0.49	3.64	4.10	6.78	0.06	0.85
		0.42	2.64	6.20	1.76	0.16	1.01
		0.34	7.36	4.83	5.45	0.02	0.59
		1.27	1.96	1.06	1.41	0.04	1.01
		0.82	7.94	1.53	5.73	0.08	2.95
		0.91	5.21	1.25	3.57	0.06	1.62
		0.57	3.97	3.54	3.05	0.07	2.41
		0.90	5.77	1.30	3.61	0.04	1.40
		2.75	3.40	0.46	2.98	0.05	0.35
延川南区块	2#	0.37	9.07	0.19	6.57	0.10	0.35	5.59～26.66 （均值16.27）	[36]
		0.44	8.17	0.09	5.78	0.01	1.81
		0.52	6.46	0.04	5.44	0.00	0.74
		1.75	12.00	0.09	10.14	0.01	0.30
		1.09	13.58	0.11	10.66	0.01	0.63
		0.73	14.60	0.08	11.59	0.01	0.53
		0.32	22.82	0.03	11.86	0.01	0.17
		0.27	11.53	0.08	7.85	0.01	0.32
		0.47	8.98	0.10	6.16	0.02	0.57
		0.17	15.23	0.09	10.77	0.03	0.27
沁水盆地南部	3#	4.44	8.09		8.09			6.35～46.82 （均值16.2）	[37]
		3.71	13.14		9.00
		2.00	6.38		6.38
		3.52	18.40		11.00
		5.25	13.29		7.91
		2.03	3.62		3.61
		1.06	3.50		3.50
		1.04	6.46		6.46
		6.15	22.50		13.14
		1.21	5.19		5.19
山东唐口矿区	3#	0.39	4.43		2.46				[38]
		0.19	13.27		5.89
		0.22	9.17		1.82
		0.13	30.00		7.88
		0.33	3.69		1.82
		0.20	15.42		4.28
		0.35	5.27		3.35
		0.06	28.44		9.73
		0.04	17.87		5.04
		0.02	55.33		9.84
淮南张集矿区	1	1.01	0.53	0.47	2.65	0.20	0.56	5.68～29.04 （均值13.00）	[25]
		0.34	3.72	0.41	3.53	0.13	0.44
		1.16	0.04	0.34	0.71	0.25	0.53
		0.54	2.36	0.26	3.19	0.08	0.36
		0.52	2.25	0.60	4.20	0.19	0.84
		0.40	2.91	0.30	5.21	0.15	0.92
		0.51	0.35	0.31	2.77	0.22
		0.34	0.44	0.17	4.19	0.06
		0.80	0.58	0.30	4.51	0.15
		0.92	0.11	0.41	3.09	0.24
注：TPI. 结构保存指数；GI. 凝胶化指数；TI. 搬运指数；V/I. 镜惰比；GWI. 地下水影响指数；VI. 植被指数；下同

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