天津市平原区地下水位变化对地面沉降的影响

朱静蕾; 郑丽芝; 吴潇; 吴敏; 吕潇文; 黄猛

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240762

天津市平原区地下水位变化对地面沉降的影响

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240762

朱静蕾^1a,,
郑丽芝^1b, ,,
吴潇²,
吴敏^1a,
吕潇文³,
黄猛³

1a.
天津师范大学：地理学部
1b.
天津师范大学：水资源与水环境重点实验室，天津 300387
2.
怀宁县自然资源和规划局，安徽安庆 246121
3.
天津市地质环境监测总站，天津 300191

基金项目: 国家自然基金面上项目（42277064）；国家自然基金青年项目（41907171）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱静蕾：E-mail：15153330531@163.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：lzheng2019@tjnu.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 69
- PDF下载量: 4
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-12
- 录用日期: 2025-03-07
- 修回日期: 2025-03-06
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-07

Effect of groundwater level fluctuations on land subsidence in Tianjin Plain

ZHU Jinglei^{1a
,},
ZHENG Lizhi^{1b
, ,},
WU Xiao²,
WU Min^1a,
LYU Xiaowen³,
HUANG Meng³

1a.
Faculty of Geography, Tianjin Normal University
1b.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
2.
Huaining Natural Resources and Planning Bureau, Anqing Anhui 246121, China
3.
Tianjin Geological Environment Monitoring Station, Tianjin 300191, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：15153330531@163.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：lzheng2019@tjnu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
天津市近年来通过跨流域调水、严格管控地下水开采等措施，极大地压缩了深层地下水的开采，平原区地下水位呈现整体回升态势，地面沉降速率减缓。在地下水位修复背景下，探讨人为调控开采或人工回灌对天津市平原区地下水位变化及地面沉降响应的影响，一方面有助于控制地下水位下降速率，优化水资源利用，另一方面也有助于未来城市地面沉降的管控，降低地面沉降风险。借助GMS软件中的MODFLOW-SUB模块，搭建研究区域的地下水流−地面沉降耦合模型，在验证合理后设定不同的开采和人工回灌方案，模拟预测2023—2025年深层地下水位的变化以及地面沉降变化。结果表明，扩大现状开采量的2～4倍，会加剧静海区、滨海新区东北部地下水漏斗区水位降落，降幅约为0.02～0.17 m，从而加速地面沉降。当开采量压缩50%时，地下水位相对回升0～0.02 m，对地面沉降缓解不显著。回灌方案对水位回升的影响范围最大可达250.04 km²，抬升地下水位0.14～0.50 m，引起水位漏斗区地面回弹0.25～0.75 mm，回灌方案对地面沉降的缓解效果较好。目前，在研究区的深层漏斗区附近不应增加开采量，可通过适当减少开采量，并逐步结合人工回灌的方式，促进地下水位回升，从而达到恢复地下水资源和缓解平原区深层含水组地层压缩的目的。研究成果可为天津市地面沉降控制提供一定科学依据。
- 深层地下水 /
- 人工回灌 /
- 地面回弹 /
- MODFLOW-SUB /
- 天津市平原区
Abstract:
Objective
In recent years, Tianjin has significantly curtailed deep groundwater extraction through inter-basin water transfers and stringent extraction controls. Consequently, groundwater levels across the plain have risen steadily, with subsidence rates decelerating markedly. Against the backdrop of groundwater level recovery, this study examines how regulated pumping and artificial recharge affect groundwater level fluctuations and subsidence responses in the Tianjin Plain. These measures not only optimize water resource utilization by stabilizing groundwater declines but also mitigate subsidence risks, thereby supporting sustainable urban development.
Methods
Utilizing the MODFLOW-SUB package in the Groundwater Modeling System (GMS), a coupled groundwater flow–land subsidence model was established for the study area. Following validation of its reliability, different groundwater extraction and artificial recharge schemes were implemented to simulate and predict deep groundwater level changes and land subsidence variations from 2023 to 2025.
Results
The results indicate that expanding the current groundwater extraction volume by 2-4 times would exacerbate water level declines in groundwater depression cones (approximately 0.02–0.17 m) within Jinghai District and the northeastern Binhai New Area, thereby accelerating land subsidence. When the pumping rate was reduced by 50%, groundwater levels showed a limited recovery of 0–0.02 m, demonstrating a negligible effect on mitigating land subsidence. The maximum influence area of the recharge scheme on water level recovery can reach 250.04 km². This approach increases groundwater levels by 0.14–0.50 m and induces ground rebound of 0.25–0.75 mm in the depression cone regions, demonstrating a more pronounced effect on alleviating land subsidence compared with the extraction scheme.
Conclusion
Currently, it is inadvisable to increase groundwater extraction near groundwater depression cones in the study area. An appropriate reduction in extraction, combined with the gradual implementation of artificial recharge, could effectively promote groundwater level recovery. This approach would contribute to restoring groundwater resources and alleviating compaction of deep aquifer formations in the plain area, thereby providing valuable guidance for land subsidence control strategies in Tianjin.
- deep phreatic water /
- artificial recharge /
- ground rebound /
- MODFLOW-SUB /
- Tianjin Plain

HTML全文

图 1 研究区范围(a)及水文地质模型剖面图(b)

Figure 1. Research area scope and hydrogeological model profile of the study area

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图 2 2023年12月地下水流场拟合图

Figure 2. The contour fitting diagram of groundwater level is at the end of the validation period

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图 3 2023年研究区模拟地面沉降与实际沉降拟合效果图

Figure 3. Simulation of land subsidence and actual settlement fitting effectiveness at the end of the validation period

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图 4 回灌区地下水位抬升空间示意图

Figure 4. Distribution of groundwater level recovery in the replenishment area

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图 5 不同方案下地下水位历时变化

Figure 5. Variations in groundwater level over time under different scenarios

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图 6 开采方案下地下水位相对变化量与地面沉降相对变化量折线图

Figure 6. Relative changes in groundwater levels and ground subsidence under the mining plan

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图 7 回灌方案下地下水位相对变化量与地面沉降相对变化量折线图

Figure 7. Relative changes in groundwater levels and ground subsidence under the recharge scheme

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表 1 天津市平原区松散地层含水组划分表^[36]

Table 1. Aquifer division for loose stratigraphy in Tianjin Plain

含水层组	地层时代	底板埋深/m	岩性特征
第Ⅰ含水组	Qh+Qp₃	65～95	山前分布中细砂；中西部为粉细砂、细砂；中东部以粉细砂为主
第Ⅱ含水组	Qp₂	165～205	山前分布中砂、中细砂；中南部上段为粉细砂；中南部下段为粉细砂、细砂
第Ⅲ含水组	隆起区Qp₁ 坳陷区Qp₁中部	270～290	武清区、静海区、宁河区北部为中细砂、细砂；中南部以粉细砂为主
第Ⅳ含水组	隆起区N₂m 坳陷区Qp₁下部	370～410	武清区、静海区、宁河区北部细砂、中细砂；中南部以细粉砂为主
注：Qh. 全新世；Qp₃. 晚更新世；Qp₂. 中更新世；Qp₁. 早更新世；N₂m. 上新统世明化镇组

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表 2 开采与回灌模拟方案

Table 2. Extraction and recharge simulation plan

方案	方案设计	增大开采量/（m³·a⁻¹）	方案	方案设计	增加回灌量/（m³·a⁻¹）
A	开采量扩大至当前4倍	1.92×10⁶	D	单井回灌量500 m³/d	5.10×10⁶
B	开采量扩大至当前2倍	9.60×10⁵	E	单井回灌量1000 m³/d	1.02×10⁷
C	开采量缩减至当前1/2倍	2.40×10⁵	F	回灌地下水1500 m³/d	1.53×10⁷

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