Study on the features of mineralization-alteration and elements migration from Zhenghe ore-concentrated area, Fujian Province: A case study from Yanpitou polymetallic exploration area
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摘要:
福建政和地区是东南沿海重要的金多金属矿集区,主要发育岩浆−热液型矿床,矿化−蚀变样式复杂多样。然而,由于该地区地质情况复杂、研究程度较低,其矿化−蚀变特征尚不明确。以东坑火山盆地西北侧的岩皮头多金属勘查区为研究对象,对区内广泛发育的热液蚀变开展详细的野外地质观察、钻孔矿化−蚀变分带和地球化学定量分析,为深部找矿勘查提供有效的围岩蚀变和地球化学信息。结果表明,岩皮头地区发育铅锌多金属矿化和铜钼矿化,以矿化为中心,蚀变具有明显的分带性,可分为钾质蚀变岩带、矽卡岩带、金属矿化带、云母片岩带和角岩带。从钾质蚀变岩带到矽卡岩带,Si、Al、TFe、Ca、K等元素呈迁出状态;从矽卡岩带、角岩带到矿化带,大部分元素向矿化带迁移,表明矿化时成矿流体活泼。与金属矿化关系密切的蚀变类型是钾质蚀变和矽卡岩化,与矿化有关系的是云母片岩带。结合前人研究成果,建立了岩皮头地区矿化−蚀变分带模式,认为该地区具有较好的深部找矿潜力,并指出下一步找矿工作为向北西侧矽卡岩化更强烈的黄畲岗地区。
Abstract:ObjectiveThe Zhenghe area is a gold-polymetallic ore-concentrated region in Fujian Province along the southeast coast of China. However, due to the complex geological settings and limited research, the characteristics of mineralization and alteration remain unclear.
MethodsThis paper focuses on the Yanpitou polymetallic exploration area, located on the northwest side of the Dongkeng volcanic basin, as the research object. Detailed field geological surveys, drill hole mineralization-alteration zoning, and quantitative analyses of alteration were conducted, providing valuable information on alteration and geochemistry of the country rock for further deep exploration.
ResultsThe results indicate that the Yanpitou area is characterized by both Pb-Zn and Cu-Mo mineralization. The mineralization zoning can be divided into the following zones: potassic rock zone, skarn zone, metallic mineralized zone, mica schist zone, and hornfels zone. From the potassic to skarnized zones, elements such as Si, Al, TFe (total iron), Ca, and K exhibit depletion. In contrast, from the skarnized, hornfels to mineralized zones, the majority of elements migrate towards the mineralized zone, indicating that the ore-forming fluids were active during mineralization. It is suggested that the alteration types are closely associated with mineralization in the Yanpitou polymetallic exploration area, including potassic and skarn alterations, and the mica schist zone is also related to mineralization.
ConclusionIn addition, based on previous research, a mineralization-alteration zoning model for the Yanpitou polymetallic exploration area has been established. The survey results indicate potential for deep exploration, and the next phase of exploration should continue towards the northwest, towards the Huangshegang area in the Yanpitou region, where extensive skarn deposits are found within the Tieshan complex.
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1. 第四系;2. 早白垩世晚期火山−沉积岩系(黄坑组,104 Ma;寨下组,101 Ma);3. 晚侏罗世−早白垩世早期火山−沉积岩系(南园组);4. 早侏罗世碎屑岩(梨山组);5. 新元古代变质岩(马面山岩群);6. 东坑次火山岩(正长花岗斑岩,101 Ma);7. 铜盆庵岩体(正长花岗岩,154 Ma);8. 富美岩体(花岗岩,369 Ma);9. 熊山岩体(433 Ma);10. 铁山杂岩体(隐爆角砾岩带);11. 断层;12. 铜金矿;13. 叶腊石;14. 铅锌矿;15. 叶腊石矿16. 大理岩矿;17. 岩皮头地区
Figure 1. Geological and hydrothermal deposits map of Zhenghe-Jian’ou ore-concentrated area, Fujian Province
图 2 铁山岩体区域地质图[4]
1.龙北溪岩组;2. 梨山组;3. 南园组;4. 黄坑组;5. 寨下组;6. 铁山蚀变岩;7. 花岗岩;8. 石英斑岩;9. 石英闪长岩;10. 石英二长岩;11. 石英二长斑岩;12. 花岗斑岩;13. 断层;14. 推测断层;15. 地名;16. 钻孔位置及编号;17. 强烈钾化带;18. 矽卡岩化带;19. 硅化蚀变带;20. 黄铁−绢英岩化带;21. 青磐岩化带;22. 矿化带
Figure 2. Regional geological map of Tieshan Complex
图 3 岩皮头地区野外照片与岩心显微镜下照片
a,d. 地表观察到黄铁−绢英岩化带穿插硅化带以及孔雀石手标本;b. 绿帘石脉穿插大面积钾化,钻孔ZK1-1,27.8 m;c. 绿帘石化−绿泥石化脉穿插石英钾长岩,钻孔ZK1-1,102.7 m;e. 绢英岩化,钻孔ZK1-1,366.3 m;f. 绿帘石细脉穿插石榴子石,钻孔ZK1-1,470.6 m,正交偏光;g. 青磐岩化穿插钾化,局部发育硅化,钻孔ZK1-2,530 m;h. 黄铁绢英岩化分布在青磐岩化中,碳酸盐脉穿插青磐岩化和黄铁绢英岩化,钻孔ZK1-1,371.4 m;i. 矽卡岩化,钻孔ZK1-1,70 m;j. 地表观察到含铅锌的硅化脉穿插矽卡岩化
Figure 3. Field photos from the Yanpitou area and microscope photos of core sample
表 1 岩皮头地区岩石样品主量元素和微量元素含量原始数据
Table 1. Sample raw data of major and trace element contents from the Yanpitou area
样品编号 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S14 S15 S16 S17 SiO2 wB/% 53.96 48.15 62.94 55.53 65.36 50.09 49.66 54.52 43.00 47.88 59.48 69.14 35.42 18.88 TiO2 0.77 1.48 0.76 0.98 0.25 1.38 0.93 0.35 1.56 1.22 0.56 0.30 1.04 0.12 Al2O3 15.12 9.12 14.04 17.37 15.21 12.69 17.92 8.09 13.24 12.90 11.92 15.09 19.08 4.87 TFe2O3 7.00 12.97 8.15 6.24 2.37 9.53 7.03 10.91 14.67 11.44 8.79 1.52 15.20 26.14 MnO 0.48 0.77 0.08 0.53 0.16 0.21 0.18 0.27 0.41 0.30 0.42 0.06 0.84 1.49 MgO 1.49 5.37 0.98 4.61 0.21 1.51 3.28 2.45 1.64 5.44 0.92 0.65 6.15 2.54 CaO 9.63 13.06 1.69 3.16 1.99 13.94 5.29 12.05 22.76 13.91 14.06 0.98 13.98 34.87 Na2O 0.37 0.03 0.16 1.82 0.31 1.83 1.76 0.04 0.06 0.26 0.04 1.65 0.06 0.02 K2O 7.22 1.77 4.41 6.45 12.33 0.99 7.61 0.66 0.06 3.80 0.18 9.29 0.29 0.02 P2O5 0.31 1.35 0.83 0.21 0.03 0.58 0.23 0.35 1.10 1.13 0.17 0.08 0.18 0.15 LOI 3.66 5.92 5.98 3.09 1.78 7.23 6.11 10.31 1.48 1.71 3.46 1.23 7.77 10.92 Li wB/10−6 10.0 13.9 / 54.5 6.96 27.3 57.3 41.3 3.81 3.59 22.6 7.71 73.3 24.7 Be 3.21 6.18 / 3.89 1.78 6.97 5.23 3.45 4.54 12.9 4.60 2.97 6.98 51.4 Sc 7.21 20.5 / 19.9 0.83 6.91 23.8 10.9 3.79 19.7 11.0 1.84 20.5 0.97 V 76.4 190 / 180 14.3 196 127 121 249 148 145 17.9 189 79.0 Cr 21.4 429 / 224 0.90 5.51 95.2 39.5 1.58 71.6 43.2 2.53 94.9 0.91 Co 9.42 31.8 / 20.3 3.81 13.8 17.0 8.81 13.2 13.0 4.23 1.61 43.3 12.3 Ni 12.1 191 / 61.1 1.56 15.9 32.7 8.37 5.27 18.0 8.86 1.35 53.3 16.7 Cu 8.73 376 / 16.3 4.56 305 41.5 479 28.9 112 1.85 8.89 3.24 68875 Zn 67.3 2608 / 110 27.5 35.3 83.6 71.3 44.4 86.4 43.6 50.8 224 132 Ga 20.0 24.4 / 23.2 25.8 31.5 23.7 21.8 27.1 22.8 21.9 21.1 33.9 8.93 As 7.72 9.04 / 3.95 3.26 4.29 3.49 5.81 5.99 5.40 3.88 3.10 6.29 3.84 Rb 195 65.9 / 262 427 34.7 320 40.8 1.89 131 10.0 318 35.5 0.39 Sr 2132 771 / 436 232 1379 670 553 1822 2027 1292 781 1404 406 Y 46.5 71.5 / 20.6 5.50 156 28.0 54.7 124 64.4 38.9 8.65 35.6 27.4 Zr 222 303 / 127 177 1666 158 341 1932 407 125 270 223 65.9 Nb wB/10−6 44.6 26.1 / 8.50 13.8 69.2 18.4 24.5 47.8 46.0 19.2 11.2 24.1 7.77 Sn 5.06 12.3 / 1.48 2.70 12.3 2.64 19.8 16.4 9.76 8.15 2.59 5.57 1.87 Sb 1.40 1.81 / 1.46 0.65 1.27 0.81 1.12 3.07 1.74 3.54 0.47 5.22 1.54 Cs 1.96 3.17 / 3.91 5.35 0.49 7.22 1.52 0.17 1.47 0.47 3.87 3.00 0.18 Ba 3952 1142 / 4370 1609 339 2860 217 31.2 2037 64.8 3488 103 22.3 La 118 232 / 26.3 9.85 358 43.0 228 371 236 84.2 51.2 52.7 30.9 Ce 257 471 / 55.6 28.7 789 85.3 475 909 514 200 97.4 102 62.5 Pr 33.8 60.8 / 6.88 3.94 104 10.4 54.9 137 65.5 28.4 10.3 11.7 7.56 Nd 122 224 / 26.0 15.1 400 38.9 183 602 236 112 33.3 42.2 27.7 Sm 20.0 37.0 / 5.68 2.95 75.2 7.75 24.0 122 37.4 18.9 5.31 8.17 5.57 Eu 5.47 9.35 / 1.85 0.99 17.0 2.62 6.16 22.8 9.39 4.31 1.42 2.12 1.09 Gd 14.8 28.1 / 5.17 1.94 62.2 6.64 16.1 72.5 26.2 13.0 3.33 7.39 5.20 Tb 2.05 3.57 / 0.77 0.28 7.14 0.97 2.02 6.88 3.18 1.62 0.41 1.10 0.73 Dy 10.0 16.2 / 4.06 1.29 33.9 5.55 10.4 26.8 14.9 7.98 2.02 6.16 4.07 Ho 1.75 2.55 / 0.72 0.20 5.44 1.05 1.76 3.77 2.40 1.31 0.32 1.17 0.76 Er 4.35 6.05 / 1.87 0.52 13.3 2.79 4.73 9.12 6.13 3.38 0.82 3.16 2.03 Tm 0.57 0.68 / 0.25 0.062 1.68 0.39 0.58 1.04 0.76 0.44 0.12 0.44 0.26 Yb 3.16 4.05 / 1.58 0.38 10.0 2.52 3.77 6.32 4.52 2.64 0.72 2.83 1.47 Lu 0.42 0.53 / 0.22 0.051 1.37 0.37 0.56 0.91 0.63 0.37 0.11 0.41 0.19 Hf 6.27 8.52 / 3.59 5.31 36.1 4.39 7.64 36.0 10.8 3.42 6.70 6.14 1.49 Ta 3.15 1.19 / 0.70 0.83 4.67 0.90 1.34 8.41 2.79 1.54 0.75 1.20 0.41 W 6.21 19.6 / 4.81 1.82 1.86 5.66 2.48 1.58 1.29 2.90 1.47 4.59 157 Tl 1.45 0.65 / 2.88 2.61 0.28 2.36 0.28 0.018 0.92 0.076 2.58 0.19 0.021 Pb 28.2 492 / 6.70 79.9 15.9 17.6 16.2 16.3 10.9 20.4 37.8 40.5 2642 Bi 1.89 6.82 / 0.18 1.52 2.18 0.76 4.56 1.52 0.56 2.41 0.51 2.46 21.7 Th 16.8 39.5 / 8.70 44.2 106 7.27 80.2 166 54.5 20.6 27.4 20.0 7.31 U 3.09 4.78 / 2.72 3.01 21.0 1.76 10.4 21.7 8.04 3.18 6.60 3.38 1.61 注:LOI. 烧失量,下同;/. 由于受实验条件限制,铅锌含量高的样品对实验器材有污染,未进行微量元素测试 表 2 岩皮头地区钻孔ZK1-1 Pb-Zn矿化带各蚀变分带的主量元素迁移量计算结果
Table 2. Calculation results of major element migration quantities for various alteration zones in the Pb-Zn mineralization belt of borehole ZK1-1
元素 钾质蚀变岩带→
矽卡岩带矽卡岩带→
铅锌矿化带角岩带→
铅锌矿化带SiO2 ΔwB/% −0.85 −1.32 −1.15 TiO2 0.62 −0.79 −3.72 Al2O3 −0.74 −1.63 −0.85 TFeO −7.27 −0.65 −1.49 MnO 0.30 −0.31 0.33 MgO 2.62 −0.20 −0.26 CaO −4.49 −0.13 −0.71 Na2O 0.01 0.33 −0.15 K2O −0.26 −3.51 −0.78 P2O5 0.49 −0.99 1.47 LOI 32.53 −1.11 −2.58 表 3 岩皮头地区钻孔ZK1-1 Cu-Mo矿化带各蚀变分带的主量元素和微量元素迁移量计算结果
Table 3. Calculation results of major element (wt.%) and trace element (10−6) migration quantities (ΔCi) for various alteration zones in the Cu-Mo mineralization belt of borehole ZK1-1
元素 钾质蚀变岩带→
矽卡岩带矽卡岩带→
铜钼矿化带云母片岩带→
铜钼矿化带元素 钾质蚀变岩带→
矽卡岩带矽卡岩带→
铜钼矿化带云母片岩带→
铜钼矿化带SiO2 ΔwB/% −0.90 −1.27 −1.11 Sn −1.66 −1.22 −8.75 TiO2 −15.60 −0.26 −0.63 Sb −10.08 −0.39 −2.60 Al2O3 −1.14 −0.62 −0.46 Cs 0.77 26.81 −0.22 TFeO −1.58 −0.76 −1.64 Ba −0.03 −6.99 −0.08 MnO 0.43 −1.45 1.38 La −1.25 −0.61 −5.35 MgO −0.72 −1.73 −0.84 Ce −1.40 −0.52 −5.59 CaO −1.79 −0.53 −2.45 Pr −1.64 −0.40 −5.48 Na2O 0.39 0.24 −0.03 Nd −1.90 −0.30 −4.74 K2O −0.05 4.02 −0.09 Sm −2.22 −0.20 −3.25 P2O5 3.19 −0.40 2.39 Eu −1.90 −0.27 −2.74 LOI −0.45 −8.21 −1.80 Gd −1.69 −0.22 −2.57 Li ΔwB/10−6 −0.27 −11.53 −0.73 Tb −1.74 −0.30 −3.37 Be −0.52 −0.80 −0.71 Dy −1.16 −0.39 −2.02 Sc −0.31 −3.07 −0.47 Ho −1.39 −0.50 −2.62 V −1.45 −0.49 −0.96 Er −1.07 −0.53 −1.96 Cr −0.04 −29.12 −0.42 Tm −54.82 −0.72 −44.82 Co −1.09 −0.68 −0.53 Yb −1.04 −0.62 −1.76 Ni −0.33 −1.66 −0.26 Lu 4.61 −0.82 81.07 Cu −0.14 −16.70 −11.63 Hf −1.62 −0.21 −1.90 Zn −0.74 −1.61 −0.86 Ta −3.32 −0.16 −2.54 Ga −1.04 −0.81 −0.94 W −4.26 −1.82 −0.47 As −1.64 −1.01 −1.87 Tl 0.03 1.35 −0.14 Rb −0.02 −24.44 −0.13 Pb −1.34 −1.01 −0.94 Sr −1.07 −0.30 −0.83 Bi −8.85 −3.52 −12.04 Y −1.14 −0.44 −1.98 Th −2.10 −0.48 −11.64 Zr −1.87 −0.18 −2.17 U −1.63 −0.49 −7.56 Nb −0.85 −0.51 −1.36 表 4 岩皮头地区钻孔ZK1-2 Cu-Mo矿化带各蚀变分带的主量元素和微量元素迁移量计算结果
Table 4. Calculation results of major element (wt.%) and trace element (10−6) migration quantities (ΔCi) for various alteration zones in the Cu-Mo mineralized belt of borehole ZK1-2
元素 钾质蚀变岩带→
矽卡岩带矽卡岩带→
铜钼矿化带云母片岩带→
铜钼矿化带元素 钾质蚀变岩带→
矽卡岩带矽卡岩带→
铜钼矿化带云母片岩带→
铜钼矿化带SiO2 ΔwB/% −0.54 −0.53 −0.32 Sn 6.30 −0.34 −0.24 TiO2 0.33 −0.13 −0.36 Sb 1.73 −0.30 −0.46 Al2O3 −1.64 −0.26 −0.42 Cs −7.72 −0.06 −0.75 TFeO 7.74 −1.73 −3.05 Ba −0.03 −0.22 −0.35 MnO 0.25 −2.05 −7.53 La −1.11 −0.59 −0.37 MgO 2.17 −0.42 −3.64 Ce −1.08 −0.61 −0.31 CaO 5.61 −2.51 −2.52 Pr −1.72 −0.65 −0.27 Na2O 0.03 0.36 0.13 Nd −1.42 −0.66 −0.25 K2O −0.05 −0.13 0.52 Sm −4.46 −0.69 −0.30 P2O5 0.05 −2.52 2.96 Eu 1.03 −0.54 −0.27 LOI 3.46 −1.43 −3.37 Gd 51.09 −0.71 −0.41 Li ΔwB/10−6 −17.32 −0.34 −1.10 Tb 0.36 −0.75 −0.52 Be 13.58 −7.49 −11.73 Dy 4.22 −0.67 −0.52 Sc 12.52 −0.05 −0.09 Ho 0.37 −0.72 −0.69 V −13.06 −0.42 −0.55 Er 1.19 −0.67 −0.64 Cr 99.82 −0.01 −0.02 Tm 0.13 −0.81 −1.20 Co 23.14 −0.28 −3.06 Yb 1.03 −0.54 −0.61 Ni 25.07 −0.31 −1.93 Lu 0.12 −0.65 −1.30 Cu −0.60 − 22070.50 − 42289.45 Hf −1.90 −0.25 −0.47 Zn −4.73 −0.59 −3.03 Ta 0.44 −0.38 −0.31 Ga −1.92 −0.26 −0.41 W 2.28 −35.05 −58.56 As 16.44 −0.62 −1.05 Tl 0.21 −0.31 0.15 Rb −0.11 −0.01 −0.04 Pb −1.18 −65.49 −130.74 Sr −1.80 −0.29 −0.31 Bi 0.83 −9.27 −9.91 Y −6.88 −0.77 −0.71 Th −0.84 −0.37 −0.36 Zr −0.84 −0.30 −0.53 U −1.08 −0.49 −0.54 Nb −3.14 −0.32 −0.41 表 5 岩皮头地区钻孔岩心不同蚀变带矿化−蚀变指数
Table 5. The alteration index of different alteration zones in the core samples from the Yanpitou area drill holes
钻孔编号 矿化带 蚀变带 AI/% AICu/% AIW/% AIPb/% AIZn/% AIMgO/% AITFeO/% ZK1-1 铅锌 钾质蚀变岩带 59.33 3.35 2.02 27.24 23.92 0.43 2.36 矽卡岩带 98.04 10.49 0.55 13.72 72.78 0.15 0.36 矿化带 / / / / / / / 角岩带 66.18 7.26 2.14 2.98 48.98 2.05 2.78 铜钼 钾质蚀变岩带 79.76 55.76 0.42 3.58 16.27 0.93 2.80 矽卡岩带 57.63 15.49 0.85 8.74 23.80 0.88 7.87 矿化带 88.63 72.89 0.38 2.47 10.85 0.37 1.66 云母片岩带 68.54 17.93 2.44 7.60 36.11 1.42 3.04 ZK1-2 铜钼 钾质蚀变岩带 54.27 4.77 0.79 20.28 27.26 0.35 0.81 矽卡岩带 81.08 0.90 1.27 11.18 61.83 1.70 4.20 矿化带 99.92 95.80 0.22 3.68 0.18 0.003 0.04 云母片岩带 47.88 1.13 1.77 12.46 26.61 0.56 5.36 注:AI. 蚀变指数;AICu,AIW,AIPb,AIZn,AIMgO,AITFeO. 分别为Cu,W,Pb,Zn,MgO,TFeO的蚀变指数;由于铅锌矿化带微量元素未检出AI值无法计算,手标本矿化程度强,暂时认定为100%;下同 表 6 岩皮头地区钻孔岩心不同蚀变带迁入元素增长指数
Table 6. The values of growth index of element transfer-in of the drills in the Yanpitou area
钻孔编号 矿化带 蚀变带 ZCu ZW ZPb ZZn ZMgO ZTFeO ZK1-1 铜钼 钾质蚀变岩带→矽卡岩带 0.12 0.84 1.01 0.61 0.39 1.17 矽卡岩带→铜钼矿化带 73.86 6.97 4.43 7.16 6.66 3.31 云母片岩带→铜钼矿化带 30.63 1.16 2.45 2.26 1.98 4.12 ZK1-2 铜钼 钾质蚀变岩带→矽卡岩带 0.1 0.9 0.31 1.27 2.71 2.88 矽卡岩带→铜钼矿化带 179625.31 288.42 551.57 4.97 3.49 14.52 云母片岩带→铜钼矿化带 169199.34 245.76 587.42 13.71 12.56 13.5 注:ZCu,ZW,ZPb,ZZn,ZMgO,ZTFeO分别为Cu,W,Pb,Zn,MgO,TFeO的增长指数 -
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