干湿循环条件下无机盐对原状黄土孔隙结构及渗透性的影响

李培月; 何强; 吴健华; 陈银富; 寇晓梅; 田艳

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240711

干湿循环条件下无机盐对原状黄土孔隙结构及渗透性的影响

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240711

李培月^{1, 2a, 2b, 2c, ,},
何强^{2a, 2b, 2c},
吴健华^{2a, 2b, 2c},
陈银富^{2a, 2b, 2c},
寇晓梅¹,
田艳³

1.
中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司，西安 710065
2a.
长安大学：水利与环境学院
2b.
长安大学：旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室
2c.
长安大学：水利部旱区生态水文与水安全重点实验室，西安 710054
3.
中国水利水电第三工程局有限公司，西安 710024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42272302）；国家重点研发项目（2023YFC3706901）；陕西省科技厅秦创原队伍建设项目（2022KXJ-005）

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：peiyueli@chd.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 573
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-19
- 录用日期: 2025-02-17
- 修回日期: 2025-01-21
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-31

Effects of inorganic salts on pore structure and permeability of undisturbed loess under dry-wet cycles

LI Peiyue^{1, 2a, 2b, 2c
, ,},
HE Qiang^{2a, 2b, 2c},
WU Jianhua^{2a, 2b, 2c},
CHEN Yinfu^{2a, 2b, 2c},
KOU Xiaomei¹,
TIAN Yan³

1.
PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an 710065, China
2a.
School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University
2b.
Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University
2c.
Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
3.
PowerChina Sinohydro Bureau 3 Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710024, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：peiyueli@chd.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为揭示干湿循环作用下无机盐对黄土孔隙结构及渗透性的影响，以陕西省泾阳县南源的黄土为研究对象，通过室内试验，对不同干湿循环条件和不同物质的量浓度NaCl溶液入渗下原状黄土渗透性和孔隙结构的变化规律及其水土作用机制进行了系统分析。干湿循环削弱了原状黄土的渗透性，且随着干湿循环次数的增加，原状黄土的饱和渗透系数越小。NaCl溶液增强了原状黄土的渗透性，且随着NaCl入渗液浓度的增大，对渗透性的促进作用越明显。干湿循环促进了原状黄土表面裂隙发育，增加了土体中微孔的数量和面积比，使土体有效孔隙度减小，土体结构变得更加紧密。NaCl溶液的入渗促进了石膏等矿物的溶解作用，导致土体孔隙更加发育，渗透性增强。本研究加深了对干湿循环和无机盐溶液渗透的共同作用下黄土结构及渗透性变化规律的认识，为黄土地区的水土保持及工程建设提供科学支撑。
- 干湿循环作用 /
- 饱和入渗 /
- 黄土渗透性 /
- 孔隙结构 /
- 水文地球化学
Abstract:
Objective
The infiltration of inorganic salt solutions during dry-wet cycles significantly affects the structural strength and stability of undisturbed loess. This study aims to investigate the impact of inorganic salts on the pore structure and permeability of undisturbed loess under dry-wet cycles.
Methods
To achieve this objective, loess samples were collected from the South Plateau in Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province. Through laboratory experiments, this study systematically analyzed the variations in permeability and pore structure of undisturbed loess under different dry-wet cycle conditions and different concentrations of sodium chloride solution, as well as the associated soil-water interaction mechanisms.
Results
The results indicated that dry-wet cycles reduced the permeability of undisturbed loess, and the saturated permeability coefficient of undisturbed loess decreased with the increase in the number of dry-wet cycles. The sodium chloride solution increased the permeability of undisturbed loess, and this effect became more pronounced with increasing solution concentration. Dry-wet cycles promoted the development of fissures on the surface of undisturbed loess and increased the number and area ratio of micropores, thereby reducing effective porosity of the soil mass and resulting in a more compact soil structure. The infiltration of sodium chloride solution promoted the dissolution of minerals such as gypsum and halite, leading to enhanced pore development and increased permeability.
Conclusion
This study improves the understanding of changes in loess structure and permeability under the combined effects of dry-wet cycles and inorganic salt solution infiltration, providing scientific support for soil and water conservation and engineering construction in loess regions.
- dry-wet cycles /
- saturated infiltration /
- loess permeability /
- pore structure /
- hydrogeochemistry

HTML全文

图 1 取样点位置(a)及黄土剖面示意图(b)

Qh. 第四系全新统；Qp₃. 晚更新统；Qp₂. 中更新统；Qp₁. 早更新统

Figure 1. Location of sampling points (a) and schematic diagram of loess profile (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 干湿循环装置示意图(a)及实物图(b)

h₁. 开始时水头，cm；h₂. 终止时水头，cm

Figure 2. Schematic diagram (a) and photograph (b) of dry-wet cycle device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同干湿循环次数下原状黄土饱和渗透系数变化趋势图

K_sat. 饱和渗透系数；t. 入渗时间；n. 干湿循环次数；c(NaCl). NaCl溶液物质的量浓度；下同

Figure 3. Variation trends of saturated permeability coefficient of undisturbed loess under different numbers of dry-wet cycles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同干湿循环次数下原状黄土表面裂隙发育情况图

Figure 4. Development of surface fissures of undisturbed loess under different numbers of dry-wet cycles

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 去离子水条件下干湿循环前后原状黄土微结构图像

Figure 5. Microstructure images of undisturbed loess before and after dry-wet cycles under deionized water conditions

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 去离子水和NaCl溶液入渗原状黄土渗出液pH、电导率（EC）、总溶解性固体质量浓度ρ（TDS）随时间变化图

Figure 6. Variation of pH, EC, ρ(TDS) with time in leachate from undisturbed loess during infiltration with deionized water and NaCl solution

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 试验用土基本物理指标

Table 1. Basic physical properties of test soil

湿密度/(g·cm⁻³)	天然含水率/%	干密度/(g·cm⁻³)	孔隙比e	饱和度S_r/%	黏粒（粒径<5 μm）	粉粒（粒径为[5,75] μm）	砂粒（粒径>75 μm）
湿密度/(g·cm⁻³)	天然含水率/%	干密度/(g·cm⁻³)	孔隙比e	饱和度S_r/%	w_B/%
1.40	15.70	1.20	1.28	33.51	18.81	78.75	2.44

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 原状黄土不同入渗条件下化学成分和矿物成分质量分数

Table 2. Mass fractions of chemical and mineral components of undisturbed loess under different infiltration conditions w_B/%

入渗条件	化学成分								矿物成分
入渗条件	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	CaO	Fe₂O₃	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	其他	石英	方解石	白云石	钠长石	钾长石	伊利石	绿泥石
初始值	59.99	16.44	10.14	5.21	2.76	2.72	1.39	1.35	32.2	12.2	2.5	13.8	7.7	20.8	10.1
去离子水	61.49	16.93	8.83	5.09	2.71	2.70	1.27	0.98	32.3	12.8	1.5	14.9	5.4	21.6	11.5
c(NaCl)=2.5 mmol/L	61.76	17.07	7.95	5.23	2.64	2.80	1.32	1.23	34.5	10.4	1.3	15.2	6.1	22.7	9.8
c(NaCl)=5 mmol/L	61.01	16.84	8.71	5.40	2.65	2.72	1.30	1.37	33.5	10.2	0.7	16.6	5.9	23.3	9.8
c(NaCl)=10 mmol/L	61.17	16.85	8.43	5.31	2.59	2.60	1.47	1.58	34.3	9.5	1.1	14.0	6.7	22.6	11.7

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 去离子水和物质的量浓度为5 mmol/L NaCl溶液入渗不同时间渗出液中各项离子的质量浓度

Table 3. Mass concentrations of ions in leachate at different infiltration times for deionized water and 5 mmol/L NaCl solution conditions ρ_B/（mg·L⁻¹）

入渗溶液	入渗时间/h	Na⁺	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^¯	SO₄²⁻	CO₃²⁻	HCO₃⁻
去离子水	0	5.33	2.34	150.25	30.50	12.50	120.00	75.00	305.00
	6	2.53	1.17	87.10	17.68	7.25	69.57	60.87	141.45
	12	2.36	1.15	60.33	20.33	8.33	96.00	50.00	71.17
	24	2.16	0.81	64.05	17.18	7.04	67.61	42.25	71.83
c(NaCl)=5 mmol/L	0	6.25	100.25	30.38	112.50	60.00	37.50	130.00	65.5
	3	5.04	60.58	12.30	151.21	48.39	30.24	154.23	99.90
	12	5.32	63.94	12.98	191.49	51.06	31.91	129.79	112.77
	24	5.62	35.24	6.85	212.36	53.93	20.22	95.96	114.61

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(43)

[1]	LI P Y, KOU X M, WANG Y, et al. Building a more sustainable Chinese Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2024, 35(1): 283-287. doi: 10.1007/s12583-024-1970-3
[2]	LUO H, WU F Q, CHANG J Y, et al. Microstructural constraints on geotechnical properties of Malan loess: A case study from Zhaojiaan landslide in Shaanxi Province, China[J]. Engineering Geology, 2018, 236: 60-69. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.11.002
[3]	李培月, 李佳慧, 吴健华, 等. 黄土-古土壤互层对土壤水分运移及土体微结构的影响[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2024, 51(3): 1-11. LI P Y, LI J H, WU J H, et al. Effects of loess-paleosol interbedding on soil moisture transport and soil microstructure[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2024, 51(3): 1-11. (in Chinese with English abstract
[4]	CHEN Y, QIAN H, HOU K, et al. Permeability and paleoenvironmental implications of loess-paleosol sequence from Jingyang Loess Plateau[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2021, 80(1): 18. doi: 10.1007/s12665-020-09282-y
[5]	YUE F, REN X, WANG X L, et al. Experimental study on the influence of soil structure index on loess permeability[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2022, 2022(1): 9618732. doi: 10.1155/2022/9618732
[6]	刘叶, 周志军, 谢宏丽, 等. 干湿循环作用下伊犁黄土的强度及微观特性[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2024, 24(13): 5500-5510. doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2305268 LIU Y, ZHOU Z J, XIE H L, et al. Strength and microscopic characteristics of Ili loess under the action of wetting-drying cycles[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(13): 5500-5510. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2305268
[7]	LIU J Y, LI X A, XUE Q, et al. Experimental study on air permeability and microscopic mechanism of intact and remolded Malan loess, Loess Plateau, China[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2020, 79(8): 3909-3919. doi: 10.1007/s10064-020-01810-1
[8]	HAO Z T, LI X A, GAO R R, et al. Study on shear behavior and mechanism based on shear functional unit of loess microstructure[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(14): 11402. doi: 10.3390/su151411402
[9]	SHI G M, LI X Y, GUO Z K, et al. Effect of mica content on shear strength of the Yili loess under the dry-wet cycling condition[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(15): 9569. doi: 10.3390/su14159569
[10]	WANG G Q, KONG X H, ZHANG Y H, et al. Stability and micro-mechanisms of lignin-improved soil in a drying-wetting environment[J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2022, 26(8): 3314-3324. doi: 10.1007/s12205-022-1342-4
[11]	WU H, SHAO S, SHAO S J, et al. Variations in dynamic shear modulus of loess exposed to dry-wet cycles from Xi'an area, China[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2023, 173: 108126. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108126
[12]	袁志辉. 干湿循环下黄土的强度及微结构变化机理研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2015. YUAN Z H. Research on change mechanism of strength and microstructure of loess under wetting-drying cycle[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2015. (in Chinese with English abstract
[13]	潘振兴, 杨更社, 叶万军, 等. 干湿循环作用下原状黄土力学性质及细观损伤研究[J]. 工程地质学报, 2020, 28(6): 1186-1192. doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2019-423 PAN Z X, YANG G S, YE W J, et al. Study on mechanical properties and microscopic damage of undisturbed loess under dry and wet cycles[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2020, 28(6): 1186-1192. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.13544/j.cnki.jeg.2019-423
[14]	付理想, 梅岭. 干湿循环对原状及重塑黄土渗透系数的影响分析[J]. 洛阳理工学院学报(自然科学版), 2018, 28(1): 1-6. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5043.2018.01.001 FU L X, MEI L. Influence analysis of drying and wetting cycles on permeability coefficient of intact and remolded loess[J]. Journal of Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2018, 28(1): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-5043.2018.01.001
[15]	胡志平, 丁亮进, 王宏旭, 等. 干湿循环下石灰黄土垫层透水性和强度变化试验[J]. 西安科技大学学报, 2011, 31(1): 39-45. HU Z P, DING L J, WANG H X, et al. Test study on the permeability and strength variation of lime loess bedding under wetting and drying cycles[J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2011, 31(1): 39-45. (in Chinese with English abstract
[16]	王伟. 景电灌区土壤盐渍化特征及水盐运移规律研究[J]. 农业科技与信息, 2019, 26(4): 58-60. WANG W. Study of the characteristics of soil salinization and law of water-salt transport in Jingdian irrigation district[J]. Agricultural Science-Technology and Information, 2019, 26(4): 58-60. (in Chinese with English abstract
[17]	XU J, LI Y F, WANG S H, et al. Shear strength and mesoscopic character of undisturbed loess with sodium sulfate after dry-wet cycling[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2020, 79(3): 1523-1541. doi: 10.1007/s10064-019-01646-4
[18]	汤连生. 水−土化学作用的力学效应及机理分析[J]. 中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 39(4): 104-109. TANG L S. Mechanical effect of chemical action of water on soil and analysis on its mechanism[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 2000, 39(4): 104-109. (in Chinese with English abstract
[19]	XU P P, QIAN H, ZHANG Q Y, et al. Exploring the saturated permeability of remolded loess under inorganic salt solution seepage[J]. Engineering Geology, 2021, 294: 106354. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106354
[20]	GAO C H, DU G Y, WU Y Q, et al. Experimental investigation of remolded loess mixed with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2022, 34: 04021391. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004024
[21]	LIN H W, WANG J D, XU Y J. Synergistic effects and mechanism of locomotive vibration and chemical dissolution on loess disintegration[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2022, 22(12): 3106-3118. doi: 10.1007/s11368-022-03302-z
[22]	ZHU J H, HAN S X, ZHANG H Y. Compression behavior and structure of undisturbed Q₂ loess under wet-dry cycles[J]. Soils and Foundations, 2022, 62(4): 101165. doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2022.101165
[23]	周少伟, 边小卫, 李卫波, 等. 考虑降雨条件陕北Q₂黄土斜坡稳定性的非线性劣化研究[J]. 地质科技通报, 2024, 43(3): 218-226. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230432 ZHOU S W, BIAN X W, LI W B, et al. Nonlinear degradation of stability of Q₂ considering rainfall conditions loess slopes in northern Shaanxi[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2024, 43(3): 218-226. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230432
[24]	刘禹阳, 王耕, 来弘鹏, 等. 干湿循环作用下原状黄土宏-微观参数关系研究[J]. 水利学报, 2022, 53(4): 421-432. doi: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20210905 LIU Y Y, WANG G, LAI H P, et al. Study on macro-micro parameter relationship of undisturbed loess under dry-wet cycle[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2022, 53(4): 421-432. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20210905
[25]	杨宁宁. 水文地球化学作用对重塑马兰黄土渗透性的影响研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2023. YANG N N. Effects of infiltration water hydrogeochemistry on permeability of remolded Malan loess[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2023. (in Chinese with English abstract
[26]	徐盼盼. 重塑黄土渗透性变化的水−土作用机制研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2021. XU P P. Study on water-soil interaction mechanism of permeability change of remolded loess[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2021. (in Chinese with English abstract
[27]	WU J H, YANG N N, LI P Y, et al. Influence of moisture content and dry density on the compressibility of disturbed loess: A case study in Yan'an City, China[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(7): 6212.
[28]	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部, 国家市场监督管理总局. 土工试验方法标准: GB/T 50123-2019[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2019. Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China, State Administration for Market Regulation. Standard for geotechnical testing method: GB/T 50123-2019[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2019.
[29]	杨春柳. 基于分形理论的非饱和黄土渗透特性研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2023. YANG C L. Permeability characteristics of unsaturated loess based on fractal theory[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2023. (in Chinese with English abstract
[30]	常洲, 晏长根, 安宁, 等. 干湿循环作用下原状黄土渗透性及其对土−水特征曲线的影响[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(1): 143-150. doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220826 CHANG Z, YAN C G, AN N, et al. Permeability and soil-water characteristic curve of undisturbed loess under wetting-drying cycles[J]. Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, 2024, 41(1): 143-150. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.11988/ckyyb.20220826
[31]	聂永鹏. 水−化学作用下压实黄土力学特性及其影响机制研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2024. NIE Y P. Mechanical properties and influencing mechanisms of compacted loess under water-chemical action[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2024. (in Chinese with English abstract
[32]	高智慧, 左璐. 原状黄土天然孔隙比定量评价方法[J]. 地质科技通报, 2023, 42(6): 53-62. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220172 GAO Z H, ZUO L. A quantitative evaluation method regarding the natural void ratio of undisturbed loess[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2023, 42(6): 53-62. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220172
[33]	XU P P, ZHANG Q Y, QIAN H, et al. Effect of sodium chloride concentration on saturated permeability of remolded loess[J]. Minerals, 2020, 10(2): 199. doi: 10.3390/min10020199
[34]	ZHOU B, WU Y G, CHAN J W, et al. Wetting-drying cycles enhance the release and transport of autochthonous colloidal particles in Chinese loess[J]. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2019, 25(1/2): 335-353. doi: 10.1080/10807039.2019.1571402
[35]	LIAN B Q, WANG X G, ZHAN H B, et al. Creep mechanical and microstructural insights into the failure mechanism of loess landslides induced by dry-wet cycles in the Heifangtai platform, China[J]. Engineering Geology, 2022, 300: 106589. doi: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106589
[36]	杜志祥, 白丁伟, 时步炯, 等. 干湿循环作用下嵊州−新昌地区红层软岩崩解及强度弱化特性[J]. 地质科技通报, 2024, 43(1): 253-261. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220314 DU Z X, BAI D W, SHI B J, et al. Disintegration and strength weakening characteristics of red-bed soft rock in the Shengzhou-Xinchang area under dry-wet cycles[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2024, 43(1): 253-261. (in Chinese with English abstract doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220314
[37]	CHEN Y F, LI P Y, WANG Y H, et al. Unraveling the mystery of water-induced loess disintegration: A comprehensive review of experimental research[J]. Sustainability, 2024, 16(6): 2463. doi: 10.3390/su16062463
[38]	ZACHARA J, BRANTLEY S, CHOROVER J, et al. Internal domains of natural porous media revealed: Critical locations for transport, storage, and chemical reaction[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50(6): 2811-2829. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05015
[39]	WANG X L, LI H R, ZHONG Y, et al. Influence of dry-wet cycles on the structure and shear strength of loess[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(12): 9280. doi: 10.3390/su15129280
[40]	刘孟兴. 考虑干湿循环作用时边坡黄土性质的试验研究[D]. 西安: 西安建筑科技大学, 2018. LIU M X. Experimental study on properties of loess slope considering dry-wet cycle effect[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 2018. (in Chinese with English abstract
[41]	ABDUHELL A, ZHANG Z Z, CHENG W Y, et al. Shrinkage characteristics and microstructure evolution of Yili loess under different wetting and drying cycles[J]. Water, 2023, 15(16): 2932. doi: 10.3390/w15162932
[42]	李晓. 水的作用下黄土崩塌形成的机理研究[D]. 西安: 西安科技大学, 2015. LI X. Study on the formation mechanism of loess collapse under the action of water[D]. Xi'an: Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2015. (in Chinese with English abstract
[43]	BAI Y, YE W J, WU Y T, et al. Multiscale analysis of the strength deterioration of loess under the action of drying and wetting cycles[J]. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2021, 2021(1): 6654815. doi: 10.1155/2021/6654815