Gravity-flow deposition system and distribution patterns in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
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摘要:
歧口凹陷深凹区东三段主要发育半深湖−深湖亚相，重力流砂体连片发育，厘清其沉积特征及成因机制可为油气勘探提供理论支撑。以歧口凹陷深凹区东三段为研究对象，基于高精度地震、测−录井、岩心及薄片等资料，分析了深湖背景下重力流成因机制，总结了歧口凹陷深凹区沉积体系及分布模式。结果表明：东三段沉积时期，受盆缘边界断层及盆内沉积坡折控制，自北东向南浅水区辫状河三角洲前缘砂体发生垮塌，在深凹区形成多期重力流沉积叠置连片。区内重力流沉积可细分为6种岩相, 解释为砂质碎屑流、泥质碎屑流、浊流3类成因，砂体整体分选较好，杂基含量低，具有液化构造、撕裂状泥砾、漂砾等典型滑塌型重力流沉积特征，根据不同类型岩相组合分布特征，平面上重力流呈现砂质碎屑流−浊流−泥质碎屑流的展布特征。其中砂质碎屑流水道微相储层物性条件最好，是深凹区的有利储集相带；浊流沉积的砂岩储层物性较差。歧口凹陷深凹区受古气候、古水深和古地貌的共同控制，具有源远−沟长−坡宜的时空匹配关系的沉积模式，具备形成大规模重力流沉积砂体的潜力。研究成果可为深凹区油气勘探提供参考。
Abstract:Objective The Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag is primarily characterized by semi-deep to deep lacustrine subfacies, with extensive development of gravity-flow sandbodies. Clarifying the sedimentary characteristics and formation mechanisms of these gravity-flow sandbodies can provide theoretical support for petroleum exploration.
Methods By integrating the high-precision seismic, logging, core, and thin section data, we analyzed the genetic mechanism of gravity-flow sandbodies within the deep lake setting. Focusing on the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the Qikou Sag, we also summarized the distribution pattern of the gravity-flow deposition system in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag.
Results The results indicate that during the deposition of the Third Member of the Dongying Formation, the activities of basin boundary faults and internal sedimentary slope folds induced the occurrence of collapse in the sandbodies of the barided river delta front and the vertically superimposed gravity-flow deposits within the deep subsag. The gravity-flow deposits in this area were subdivided into six lithofacies, corresponding to three genetic types: Sandy debris flows, muddy debris flows, and turbidity currents. The sandbodies exhibit well-sorted grains, low matrix content, and typical characteristics of slump-type gravity-flow deposits. Spatial analysis of lithofacies assemblages revealed a planar distribution pattern characterized by proximal sandy debris flows transitioning to turbidity currents and distal muddy debris flows. Among these, the sandy debris channels have the best reservoir properties and represent the most favorable reservoir facies in the deep subsag area. In contrast, the turbidity sandstone reservoirs have relatively poor physical properties.The coastal slope demonstrates a spatial-temporal matching relationship of far-source-gully-long-slope-appropriate, which possesses the potential for forming large-scale gravity-flow-deposited sandbodies.
Conclusion The research results can provide a reference for oil and gas exploration in the deep subsag.
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图 1 歧口凹陷区域图(a)及歧口深凹区南北向地震剖面图(b)
Q+Nm. 平原组+明化镇组；Ng. 馆陶组；Ed. 东营组；Es1.沙一段；Es2. 沙二段；Es3. 沙三段
Figure 1. Geological setting of the Qikou Sag (a) and a north-south striking seismic profile across the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag (b)
图 2 歧口凹陷东三段综合柱状图
Figure 2. Comprehensive stratigraphic histogram in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the Qikou Sag
图 3 歧口深凹区东三段重点井岩心特征
a. TD9X6井，
4100.85 m，块状构造；b. BH26井，4869.03 m，平行层理砂岩；c. BH26井，4870.88 m，波状层理砂岩相；d. BH26井，4925.27 m，透镜状层理层；e. BH26井，4928.22 m，含碎屑泥质砂岩；f. HT1井，4214 m，液化变形及泥砾；g. HT1井，4211 m，液化变形；h. HT1井，4209 m，泥岩漂砾Figure 3. Sand core characteristics of key wells in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
图 4 歧口深凹区东三段重点井铸体薄片特征
a. TD9X6井，4101.62 m（−），中砂质细粒岩屑长石砂岩，铸体薄片；b. TD9X6井，
4101.62 m（+），粒内溶孔（粒间孔隙）发育，铸体薄片；c. HT1井，4323 m（−），中细粒长石岩屑砂岩，粒内溶孔（粒间孔隙）发育，铸体薄片；d. HT1井，4030 m（+），粒内溶孔（粒间孔隙）发育，铸体薄片Figure 4. Casting slice characteristics of key wells in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
图 5 歧口深凹区扇体岩石组分特征
Figure 5. Features of the fan-body rock composition in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
图 6 歧口深凹区东三段扇体测井相特征
Figure 6. Logging facies characteristics of fan-body in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
图 7 歧口深凹区顺物源方向地震剖面图(a)和歧口凹陷东三段地层厚度图(b)
Figure 7. Seismic profile aligning with the sediment input direction in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag (a) and strata thickness in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the Qikou Sag (b)
图 8 歧口深凹区地震相类型及地震相剖面图
Figure 8. Seismic phase types and seismic facies profile in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
图 9 歧口深凹区东三段波阻抗振幅属性图(a)和底界构造图(b)
Figure 9. Impedance amplitude attribute (a) and bottom structure (b) in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
图 10 歧口深凹区东三段沉积相图
Figure 10. Sedimentary facies in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
图 11 歧口深凹区东三段沉积模式图
Figure 11. Sedimentary pattern in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
图 12 歧口深凹区东三段砂地比图
Figure 12. Sand ratio in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
图 13 歧口深凹区东营组烃源岩Zr/Al−Fe/Mn交汇图
Figure 13. Cross plot of Zr/Al−Fe/Mn of source rocks in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
图 14 歧口深凹区口东三段底界构造图(a)和主断裂滨海断裂活动性分析(b)
Figure 14. Bottom structure (a) and activity analysis of the main fault in the Binhai fault (b) in the Third Member of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
表 1 歧口凹陷深凹区东营组岩相特征
Table 1. Lithofacies of the Dongying Formation in the deep subsag area of the Qikou Sag
编号 岩相类型 岩性特征 砂体成因 Ⅰ 块状层理砂岩相 中细砂岩，块状内部沉积构造少见 砂质碎屑流 Ⅱ 变形构造砂岩相 中细砂岩, 无粒序, 内部含泥岩撕裂屑 砂质碎屑流 Ⅲ 平行层理砂岩相 粉、细砂岩, 平行层理，纹层较厚 浊流, 鲍马序列Tb段 Ⅳ 波状层理砂岩相 细砂岩, 波状层理, 薄泥纹层与砂纹层呈波状互层 浊流, 鲍马序列Tc段 Ⅴ 透镜状层理层 粉砂岩及泥岩薄互层，内含砂质透镜体 浊流沉积体边缘Te段 Ⅵ 含碎屑泥质砂岩相 泥质含量高，砂、泥、泥质碎屑混杂，内含不规则泥岩撕裂屑 泥质碎屑流 
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