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摘要:
优先控制污染物清单是有机污染场地有效管控和环境治理的重要前提和依据，可为污染场地的精准防控提供重要指导。本研究通过文献检索和资料收集等方式，获得了我国典型有机污染场地挥发性有机污染物在地下水和包气带介质中的平均检出率。将污染物的复杂环境行为参数化，遴选污染物在不同介质中的迁移性、降解效应、生物富集性和污染物的毒性参数，建立优先控制清单的筛选体系，通过对数转换和参数归一化获得不同评估因子得分，并结合多元统计线性回归获得评估因子权重，最终得到有机污染场地多环境介质中挥发性有机污染物的优先控制清单。结果表明：三氯乙烯和乙苯在地下水和包气带介质中均具有较高得分，应最先管控。此外，三氯乙烯与其氢解反应产物1,1-二氯乙烯、反-1,2-二氯乙烯、顺-1,2-二氯乙烯均得分较高，对于有机污染场地不同介质中三氯乙烯的环境行为应进一步加强关注。本研究可为有机污染场地有机污染物的环境治理及优先控制名录提供理论与技术方法支撑。
Abstract:Objective A priority control list of pollutants is an essential prerequisite and foundation for the effective management and environmental remediation of organic-contaminated sites, which can provide scientific guidance for the precise prevention and control of organic-contaminated sites.
Methods The average detection rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater and the vadose zone of typical organic-contaminated sites in China were obtained through literature search and data collection. Additionally, the complex environmental behaviors of pollutants were parameterized, and key parameters including the mobility, degradation effects, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of pollutants in different media were selected to establish the screening system for the priority control list. The scores of multiple assessment factors were obtained through logarithmic transformation and normalization, then the weights of the assessment factors were determined using multiple statistical linear regression. Ultimately, the priority control ranking list of VOCs across multiple environmental media at contaminated sites was established.
Results The results indicated that trichloroethylene and ethylbenzene had high scores in groundwater and vadose zone, indicating that they should be controlled first. In addition, trichloroethylene and its hydrogenolysis reaction products, including 1,1-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, all exhibited high scores. Therefore, more intensive attention should be paid to the environmental behaviors of trichloroethylene in different media of organic-contaminated sites.
Conclusion This study provides theoretical and methodological support for the environmental governmence of organic pollutants at organic-contaminated sites and the formulation of priority control lists.
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图 1 污染场地挥发性有机污染物（VOCs）的优先控制清单筛选方法体系
Figure 1. Screening framework for priority control list of volatile organic compounds at contaminated sites
图 2 我国有机污染场地地下水(a)和包气带(b)内挥发性有机污染物的平均检出率
Figure 2. Average detection rates of volatile organic compounds in groundwater (a) and vadose zone (b) at organic-contaminated sites in China
图 3 我国有机污染场地地下水(a～h)和包气带(i～q)中挥发性有机污染物评估因子得分的分布及累积概率曲线
Figure 3. Distribution and cumulative probability curves of assessment factor scores for volatile organic compounds in groundwater (a-h) and vadose zone (i-q) at organic-contaminated sites in China
图 4 我国有机污染场地挥发性有机污染物评估因子归一化后计算得分的优先排序
Figure 4. Priority ranking of calculated scores based on normalized assessment factors for volatile organic compounds at organic-contaminated sites in China
图 5 我国有机污染场地挥发性有机污染物优先控制排序结果
Figure 5. Priority control ranking results of volatile organic compounds at organic-contaminated sites in China
图 6 我国有机污染场地挥发性有机污染物优先控制筛选得分与其辛醇−水分配系数（Kow）的相关性分析
Figure 6. Correlation analysis between priority control scores of volatile organic compounds at organic-contaminated sites in China and their octanol-water partition coefficients
表 1 我国有机污染场地地下水和包气带的评估因子相关性分析
Table 1. Correlation analysis of assessment factors in groundwater and vadose zone at organic-contaminated sites in China
排放量 吸附因子 扩散因子 生物降解 非生物降解 生物浓缩 生物累积 生物转化 逸度 急性毒性 慢性毒性 致癌性 土−气交换 排放量 1 −0.26 −0.27 −0.16 −0.24 0.27 0.25 0.28 0.06 −0.32 −0.09 0.35* 0.15 吸附因子 −0.19 1 0.85** 0.32 0.51** −0.81** −0.77** −0.80** −0.47** 0.33* 0.12 0.10 −0.29 扩散因子 −0.10 0.76** 1 0.41* 0.69** −0.98** −0.93** −0.95** −0.52** 0.37* 0.02 0.19 −0.52** 生物降解 −0.01 0.31 0.45** 1 0.24 −0.30 −0.29 −0.30 0.02 −0.17 0.01 −0.40* −0.27 非生物降解 −0.23 0.41* 0.52** 0.12 1 −0.73** −0.80** −0.71** −0.64** 0.32 0.06 0.20 −0.06 生物浓缩 0.13 −0.76** −0.99** −0.37* −0.55** 1 0.97** 0.98** 0.55** −0.38* 0.028 −0.26 0.49** 生物累积 0.15 −0.73** −0.94** −0.40** −0.60** 0.96** 1 0.95** 0.62** −0.32 −0.01 −0.22 0.55** 生物转化 0.16 −0.77** −0.98** −0.38** −0.54** 0.99** 0.96** 1 0.53** −0.37* −0.02 −0.24 0.45** 逸度 0.01 0.36* 0.53** 0.35* 0.58** −0.52** −0.56** −0.51** 1 −0.22 0.08 −0.30 0.44** 急性毒性 0.05 0.13 0.44** −0.01 0.23 −0.44** −0.39** −0.44** 0.06 1 0.17 0.41* −0.02 慢性毒性 0.19 −0.07 0.02 −0.17 −0.01 −0.01 0.03 −0.02 −0.08 0.45** 1 −0.10 −0.08 致癌性 0.38* 0.11 0.23 −0.34* 0.22 −0.26 −0.17 −0.23 0.07 0.55** 0.36* 1 0.10 土−气交换 − − − − − − − − − − − − 1 注：*为在0.05水平上显著相关；**为在0.01水平上显著相关；下三角为地下水介质；上三角为包气带−土壤介质 
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表 2 我国有机污染场地地下水和包气带介质中评估因子的权重
Table 2. Weights of assessment factors in groundwater and vadose zone at organic-contaminated sites in China
评估因子 地下水 包气带 评估因子 地下水 包气带 污染排放量 8.64% 9.28% 生物转化半衰期 10.0% 8.24% 吸附因子 1.0% 0.90% 逸度 8.28% 11.55% 扩散因子 9.91% 8.03% 急性毒性 8.37% 6.55% 生物降解可能性 8.38% 7.32% 慢性毒性 6.34% 3.56% 非生物降解可能性 12.14% 11.73% 致癌性 9.66% 8.29% 生物浓缩系数 9.99% 8.19% 土−气交换系数 — 10.04% 生物累积系数 7.29% 6.32%
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