Microstructure and mechanical characteristics of sandstone under long-term water immersion
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摘要:
水库工程蓄水过程中库岸部分岩体处于长期水浸状态，此外该区域岩体也受到频繁的爆破动载作用，进而诱发滑坡失稳。为揭示动载与长期水浸对岩石微观结构及力学行为的影响，将砂岩水浸0，4，40，80，150 d，用核磁共振、扫描电镜以及改进的霍普金森压杆测试系统对砂岩进行微观测试以及冲击测试，研究动载与长期水浸下砂岩的微观变化，探究长期水浸下砂岩的强度弱化机制。结果表明：随着浸水时间的增加，试样微孔的孔隙分布比例呈减小趋势，中孔和大孔的孔隙分布比例逐渐增大，试样的总孔隙信号幅值呈先减小后增大的规律；浸泡时间与浸泡液中的总溶解固形物含量呈正比，砂岩中的矿物质在浸水过程中持续地溶解，且发生了一系列物理化学反应。随着浸水时间的延长，浸泡液的pH值呈现先增大后减小的趋势；动载荷越大，砂岩的峰值应力越大，反之浸水时间越大，砂岩的峰值应力越小；动载荷与砂岩的入射能、吸收能成正比，然而浸水时间对砂岩的入射能影响不大。该研究可为水库滑坡稳定性评级及地下水库建设提供一定的理论基础。
Abstract:Objective In the process of reservoir storage, some rock mass on the reservoir bank is in a state of long-term water immersion. In addition, the rock mass in this area is also subjected to frequent blasting dynamic loads, thereby inducing landslide instability. Based on this, this study aims to reveal the effects of dynamic loading and long-term water immersion on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of sandstone.
Methods This study first immersed sandstone in water for 0, 4, 40, 80, and 150 days, and then carried out microscopic and impact tests on sandstone using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), scanning electron microscope, and an improved Hopkinson pressure bar test system. The microscopic changes of sandstone under dynamic loading and long-term water immersion were investigated, and the strength degradation mechanism of sandstone under long-term water immersion was explored.
Results The results showed that the pore distribution ratio of micropores decreased with the increase of soaking time, while the pore distribution ratio of mesopores and macropores increased gradually, and the total signal amplitude of the samples decreased first and then increased. The soaking time was proportional to the total dissolved solid content in the soaking solution, which indicated that the minerals in the sandstone continued to dissolve and a series of physical and chemical reactions occurred during the soaking process. With the extension of soaking time, the pH value of the soaking solution increased first and then decreased. The greater the dynamic load, the greater the peak stress of sandstone, whereas the longer the soaking time, the smaller the peak stress of sandstone. The dynamic load is positively correlated with the incident energy and absorbed energy of sandstone, whereas the soaking time had little effect on the incident energy of sandstone.
Conclusion This study can provide a theoretical basis for the stability rating of reservoir landslides and the construction of underground reservoirs.
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Key words:
- reservoir dam /
- long-term water immersion /
- strength /
- water-rock chemical reaction /
- sandstone /
- dynamic load
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图 3 不同浸水时间下砂岩弛豫时间T2变化特征
Figure 3. T2 relaxation time variation characteristics of sandstone under different soaking times
图 4 不同浸水时间下砂岩孔隙结构特征(a)、微观结构特征(b～f)及浸泡液变化特征(g～i)
Figure 4. Pore structure characteristics of sandstone (a), microstructure characteristics of sandstone (b-f) and variation characteristics of sandstone soaking solution (g-i) under different soaking times
图 5 不同子弹速度(a)、不同浸水时间(b)下砂岩的峰值应力
Figure 5. Peak strength of sandstone under different immersion time and bullet velocity
图 6 砂岩的入射能及吸收能演化特征
Figure 6. Evolution characteristics of incident energy and absorbed energy of sandstone
图 7 砂岩的浸水时间−吸收能−峰值应力演化特征
Figure 7. Evolution characteristics of immersion time, absorbed energy, and peak stress of sandstone
表 1 砂岩样品孔径分布表
Table 1. Pore size distribution of sandstone
孔径分布 孔径范围/μm 微孔 <0.1 中孔 [0.1, 1] 大孔 >1 
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表 2 不同浸泡时间下砂岩浸泡液离子浓度变化特征
Table 2. Variation characteristics of ion concentration in sandstone soaking solution under different soaking times
泡水时间/d pH值 总溶解固形物/
(mg·L−1)离子质量浓度/(mg·L−1) Mg2+ K+ Ca2+ SiO2 0 7.01 8.9 0.15 0.24 0.34 0 4 7.84 35.6 0.78 0.92 3.87 0.36 40 8.12 70.2 1.23 2.78 7.24 2.78 80 8.23 107.6 1.67 2.69 11.2 3.24 150 8.03 121.3 1.98 2.68 13.4 3.65
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表 3 砂岩各能量特征
Table 3. Energy characteristics of sandstone
子弹速度/(m·s−1) 浸水时间/d $ {W}_{{\mathrm{I}}} $/J $ {W}_{{\mathrm{R}}} $/J $ {W}_{{\mathrm{T}}} $/J $ {W}_{{\mathrm{S}}} $/J 4 0 158.592 35.296 50.343 72.953 8 300.992 75.736 95.829 129.427 12 470.384 123.824 134.887 211.673 4 4 163.888 41.792 49.985 72.111 8 317.336 79.424 107.804 130.108 12 488.784 133.96 134.87 219.954 4 40 151.392 37.024 50.783 63.585 8 328.448 87.896 96.034 144.518 12 484.992 133.792 147.503 203.697 4 80 168.624 44.192 58.668 65.764 8 319.112 82.032 115.817 121.263 12 471.384 142.608 130.794 197.982 4 150 171.781 49.563 56.134 66.084 8 324.541 89.782 121.541 113.218 12 469.682 157.165 139.768 172.749
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