Research on reservoir modeling of fault-controlled fractured-cavity reservoirs-case study of Shunbei Fault Zone No.4
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摘要:
塔里木盆地顺北地区发育碳酸盐岩断控缝洞型油气藏储集体，现有建模算法难以精确表征其内部结构，亟需结合断控体内部构造特征开展储层建模算法研究，建立符合地质认知的精细三维地质模型，明确油气优势储集空间。以顺北4号断裂带为例，提出并应用了一种基于目标的建模方法，结合层次模拟的思想，定量表征了挤压段、拉分段与平移段的断裂面与类洞穴的发育规模。通过设计基于网格的储集体趋势线追踪算法，查找符合储集体发育走向的中心线，融合层次模拟的思想，逐层次刻画断裂面与类洞穴内部栅状结构地质模型。在建立的地质模型的基础上，基于相控的方式建立物性模型，开展储量计算与数值模拟，优选仅有断裂面的断控体模型，断裂面储量计算的结果与动态储量拟合率为96%，对井底压力、实际生产数据进行拟合，误差均小于10%。研究区主要可能储集类型为断裂面、类洞穴与杂乱体。对不同的地震属性体截断处理建立断控体轮廓模型。测井解释断裂面与类洞穴内部发育破碎带与基岩带有序排列的栅状结构，破碎带可进一步划分为角砾带与裂缝带。设计基于目标的建模方法，建立储集体内部栅状结构三维地质模型。优选仅有断裂面的断控体模型，该模型遵从钻测井条件数据，符合地质认知，对指导油气藏开发具有参考意义。
Abstract:Objective Carbonate fault-controlled fracture-cavity reservoirs are present in the Shunbei area of the Tarim Basin, NW China. Existing modeling algorithms struggle to accurately characterize the internal structure. Urgently needed is research on reservoir modeling algorithms that incorporate the internal structural characteristics of the fault-controlled body. This will establish a detailed three-dimensional geological model aligned with geological understanding and clarify the primary reservoir spaces for oil and gas.
Methods In this paper, taking the Shunbei No.4 fault zone as an example, an object-based modeling method is proposed and applied for the first time. Combined with the idea of hierarchical simulation, the fracture plane and the development scale of caves type in the extrusion, pull-apart and translation stress sections are quantitatively characterized. By designing a grille-based reservoir trend line tracking algorithm, the center line that conforms to the development trend of the reservoir is found, and the idea of hierarchical simulation is integrated to describe the fracture plane and the grille-like filling structure model inside the cave type layer by layer.
Results Based on the established geological model. A property model is created using the phase-controlled method. This model is used for reserve calculation and numerical simulation. Preference is given to the fault-controlled body model with only fracture planes. The fit between the calculated fracture plane reserves and dynamic reserves is 96%. The model also fits bottom hole pressure and actual production data, with an error less than 10%.
Conclusion The main reservoir types in the study area include fracture planes, caves type, and disordered bodies. A fault-controlled body contour model is established for different seismic attribute bodies. Logging interpretation identifies fracture plane and cave type internal developments within the bedrock and crush belt, forming an ordered grille structure. Crush belt further divided into breccia belt and fracture belt. An object-based modeling method creates a three-dimensional geological model of the reservoir’s grille structure. The model, optimized for fracture plane reservoirs, aligns with drilling and logging data and geological understanding. It provides a reference for guiding oil and gas reservoir development.
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图 2 断控体应力构造特征
Figure 2. Characteristics of stress structure of fault-controlled bodies
图 3 SHB43X井断控体在地震剖面表现形式及响应地震属性体
a. 地震剖面；b. 结构张量地震属性；c. 相干能量梯度地震属性；d. 方差地震属性
Figure 3. Fault-controlled body manifestations in seismic profiles and corresponding seismic attribute volumes
图 5 SHB47X井储集体解释结论
a. 地震剖面；b. 成像测井及常规测井曲线解释
Figure 5. Interpretation conclusions for the reservoir in the SHB47X well
图 6 不同应力背景断裂面及类洞穴百米发育模式
Figure 6. Development patterns of fracture plane and cave-type reservoirs under different stress background
图 8 发育规模累积概率抽样
a. 可能发育规模及统计频率柱状图；b. 可能发育规模累积概率曲线
Figure 8. Developmental scale cumulative probability sampling
图 9 破碎带边界扰动示意图
a. 破碎带未受影响；b，g，h受应力较弱；c，d，f受应力较强；e. 应力偏向左侧；i. 应力偏向右侧
Figure 9. Crush belt boundary disturbance diagram
图 11 各断裂面栅状结构层次模拟
a1～a4. 断裂面轮廓模型；b1～b4. 断裂面轮廓模型平面展示；c1～c4. 断裂面裂缝带−基岩带模型；d1～d4. 断裂面裂缝带−基岩带模型平面展示；e1～e4. 断裂面栅状结构地质模型；f1～f4. 断裂面栅状结构地质模型平面展示
Figure 11. Different fracture plane grille model hierarchical simulation
图 14 类洞穴栅状结构层次模拟
a. 类洞穴轮廓模型；b. 类洞穴轮廓模型剖面展示；c. 裂缝带−基岩带模型；d. 裂缝带−基岩带模型剖面展示；e. 类洞穴栅状结构地质模型；f. 类洞穴栅状结构地质模型剖面展示
Figure 14. Cave-type grille model hierarchical simulation
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