滇东南那能金矿矿床成因：来自硫化物原位微量元素和同位素的证据

管继云; 张七道; 曹毅; 徐磊; 兰开军; 孙康; 赵洋

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240520

滇东南那能金矿矿床成因：来自硫化物原位微量元素和同位素的证据

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240520

管继云^{1, 2,},
张七道^{1, 2, ,},
曹毅³,
徐磊^{1, 2},
兰开军^{1, 2},
孙康⁴,
赵洋⁵

1.
中国地质调查局昆明自然资源综合调查中心，昆明 650100
2.
中国地质学会热液型金铜多金属矿成矿规律与有效勘查技术创新基地，昆明 650100
3.
中国地质大学（北京）地球科学与资源学院，北京 100083
4.
中国地质调查局地球物理调查中心，河北廊坊 065000
5.
中国地质调查局廊坊自然资源综合调查中心，河北廊坊 065000

基金项目: 云南省基础研究计划项目（202401AT070202）；中国地质调查局项目（DD20220981）

详细信息

作者简介:
管继云：E-mail：898637831@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：500676421@qq.com

中图分类号: P611
计量
- 文章访问数: 399
- PDF下载量: 42
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-09-11
- 录用日期: 2024-11-08
- 修回日期: 2024-11-05
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-28

Genesis of the Naneng gold deposit in southeastern Yunnan: Evidence from in-situ trace elements and isotopes of sulfides

GUAN Jiyun^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Qidao^{1, 2
, ,},
CAO Yi³,
XU Lei^{1, 2},
LAN Kaijun^{1, 2},
SUN Kang⁴,
ZHAO Yang⁵

1.
Kunming General Survey of Natural Resources Center, China Geological Survey, Kunming 650100, China
2.
Innovation Base for Metallogenic Regularity and Effective Exploration Technology of Hydrothermal Gold-Copper Polymetallic Deposits, Geological Society of China, Kunming 650100, China
3.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
4.
Center for Geophysical Survey, China Geological Survey, Langfang Hebei 065000, China
5.
Langfang Comprehensive Survey Center of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Langfang Hebei 065000, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：898637831@qq.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：500676421@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
那能金矿床是滇东南地区一个重要的中型卡林型金矿，野外调研和室内岩相学观察表明该金矿发育2期黄铁矿（PyⅠ和PyⅡ），利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法（LA-ICP-MS）对载金矿物黄铁矿和毒砂开展了原位微量元素分析，并结合硫同位素分析，探讨了成矿物质来源和矿床成因。LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示PyⅠ含有一定量的Au（质量分数均值6.37×10⁻⁶），主要富集Co、Ni、Se、W等元素；与PyⅠ相比，PyⅡ微量元素分布特征相似，但Au质量分数（均值68.02×10⁻⁶）偏高，相对富集Au、As、Sb、Cu等元素；毒砂中Au质量分数均值为36.02×10⁻⁶，主要富集As、Ni、Sb、Se、Au等元素，Zn、Ag、Hg、Tl元素含量较低。载金矿物δ³⁴S值分布范围较为一致，主要集中在13.7‰～16.5‰，暗示载金矿物的S可能主要来自于围岩。初步分析表明，那能金矿形成过程中，富含Au、As、Sb等微量元素的中低温热液流体，在相对稳定的成矿环境中形成PyⅠ黄铁矿，少量Au以固溶体（Au⁺）形式与PyⅠ同时沉淀，在PyⅡ阶段，区内强烈的构造活动使得成矿流体沿断裂上涌，与围岩发生硫化反应后，流体中H₂S浓度降低，Au-HS络合物失稳，Au过饱和沉淀后以纳米级包裹体（Au⁰）形式在PyⅡ黄铁矿中大量富集。研究成果对滇东南地区卡林型金矿床勘探与成矿规律研究具有重要指导意义。
- 载金矿物 /
- 激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS） /
- 原位S同位素 /
- 矿床成因 /
- 那能金矿
Abstract: <p>Naneng gold deposit is an important medium-sized Carlin-type gold deposit in southeastern Yunnan. </p></sec><sec><title>Objective and Methods
Two stages of pyrite (PyⅠ and PyⅡ) were identified to develop in the Naneng gold deposit via detailed field investigations and petrographic observations, and in-situ trace elements analyses of gold-bearing minerals (pyrite and arsenopyrite) were conducted by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS), combined with in-situ and sulfur isotopes analyses, to constrain the source of ore-forming materials and the genetic mechanism of the deposit.
Results
LA-ICP-MS analyses show that PyⅠ contains a certain amount of Au (mean 6.37×10⁻⁶), and is relatively enriched in Co, Ni, Se, W and other elements; The distribution characteristics of trace elements in PyⅡ and PyⅠ are similar, but the content of Au (mean 68.02×10⁻⁶) is relatively high, and As, Sb, Cu elements are enriched in PyⅡ; The average Au content of arsenopyrite is 36.02×10⁻⁶, and arsenopyrite is mainly enriched in elements such as As, Ni, Sb, Se, Au, whereas the contents of Zn, Ag, Hg, Tl are relatively low. In addition, the in-situ δ³⁴S values of gold-bearing minerals in the Naneng gold deposit are consistent, ranging from 13.7‰ to 16.5‰, indicating that the sulfur in these minerals mainly come from the surrounding rocks. It is preliminarily concluded that PyⅠ was formed in a relatively stable environment by medium to low temperature hydrothermal fluids from the same source rich in trace elements such as Au, As, Sb, and a small amount of Au was precipitated simultaneously with PyⅠ in the form of solid solution (Au⁺). In the PyⅡ stage, the intense tectonic activities in the study area caused ore-forming fluid to upswell, and after sulfidation reaction with surrounding rock strata, the concentration of H₂S in the fluid decreased, causing the Au-HS complexes to become unstable. Consequently, Au was supersaturated and precipitated, and then highly enriched in PyⅡ in the form of nanoscale inclusions (Au⁰).
Conclusion
The research results are of great significance for the prospecting of Carlin-type gold deposits in southeastern Yunnan.
- gold-bearing mineral /
- laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) /
- in situ sulfur isotope /
- ore genesis /
- Naneng gold deposit

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图 1 滇黔桂“金三角”卡林型金矿分布图（据文献[19]修改）

Figure 1. Distribution map of Carlin-type gold deposits in the "Golden Triangle" of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi

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图 2 那能金矿床地质略图

Figure 2. Geological sketch map of the Naneng gold deposit

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图 3 不同期次黄铁矿及其他矿物显微结构与原位硫同位素测试位置

a.长柱状毒砂穿插早期黄铁矿（PyⅠ），后期黄铁矿（PyⅡ）充填在毒砂孔隙中；b.后期黄铁矿（PyⅡ）与毒砂呈共生边结构；c.矿石中少量的碳质；d.矿石中的金红石。Py. 黄铁矿；Apy. 毒砂；C. 碳质；Rt. 金红石；下同

Figure 3. Microstructures of pyrite at different stages and other minerals, and sampling points for in-situ sulfur isotope

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图 4 那能金矿床矿石样品及围岩蚀变照片

a.稠密浸染状矿石；b.条带状黄铁矿矿石；c.围岩蚀变中的硅化；d.围岩蚀变中的铁白云石化。Q. 石英；Ank. 铁白云石

Figure 4. Photographs of ore samples and wall-rock alteration in the Naneng gold deposit

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图 5 那能金矿矿石样品（NN01-1）和LA-ICP-MS部分测试位置

a.细砂岩矿石手标本；b.NN01-1打点位置；c.NN01-3打点位置；d.NN01-5打点位置。NN01-1，NN01-3，NN01-5. 样品编号；NN01-1-1～NN01-1-6，NN01-3-1～NN01-3-5，NN01-5-1～NN01-5-5. 点号（LA-ICP-MS测试位置编号）

Figure 5. Ore sample (NN01-01) and some sampling points of LA-ICP-MS in the Naneng gold deposit

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图 6 那能金矿载金矿物硫同位素频数直方图

Figure 6. Frequency histogram of sulfur isotopes in gold-bearing minerals of the Naneng gold deposit

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图 7 那能金矿床元素相关性分析图解

Au⁰. 纳米级包裹体（粒度小于250 nm的显微金）；Au⁺. 固溶体（晶格金）；w（Au）-w（As）溶解度曲线. REICH等^[20]对大量含砷黄铁矿研究得出，即w（Au）=0.02×w（As）+4×10⁻⁵

Figure 7. Correlation diagram of elements in the Naneng gold deposit

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图 8 那能金矿床黄铁矿（PyⅠ）LA-ICP-MS微量元素面扫描

a. 面扫描范围（黄色矩形框）；b～l. 面扫描结果。cps. 每秒计数，用于描述X射线荧光（XRF）或质谱等检测仪器中粒子或光子的计数率，表示信号强度，下同

Figure 8. LA-ICP-MS trace element mapping of pyrite (PyⅠ) in the Naneng gold deposit

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图 9 那能金矿床黄铁矿（PyⅡ）和毒砂LA-ICP-MS微量元素面扫描

a. 面扫描范围（黄色矩形框）；b～l. 面扫描结果

Figure 9. LA-ICP-MS trace element mapping of pyrite (PyⅡ) and arsenopyrite in the Naneng gold deposit

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图 10 那能金矿床载金矿物激光剥蚀信号图

Figure 10. Laser ablation signal map of gold-bearing minerals in the Naneng gold deposit

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图 11 那能金矿δ³⁴S值与邻区卡林型金矿床δ³⁴S值对比

Figure 11. Comparison of δ³⁴S values between the Naneng gold deposit and neighboring Carlin-type gold deposit

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图 12 那能金矿载金矿物Co-Ni关系图

Figure 12. Co and Ni relationship diagram of gold-bearing minerals in the Naneng gold deposit

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表 1 那能金矿床载金矿物LA-ICP-MS 微量元素分析结果

Table 1. LA-ICP-MS trace element analysis results of gold-bearing minerals in the Naneng gold deposit w_B/10⁻⁶

点号	矿物	Fe	S	Co	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Se	Ag	Sn	Sb	W	Au	Hg	Tl	Pb	Bi
NN01-1-1	PyⅠ	452352	516974	0.66	1.57	10.78	0.00	14668	1.78	0.01	0.18	18.32	1.57	4.43	0.26	0.70	6.21	0.45
NN01-1-2		437831	500378	40.20	285.82	54.16	0.00	28345	1.18	0.06	0.06	4.89	0.26	14.27	0.07	0.00	4.84	0.43
NN01-1-3		453960	518812	3.80	7.71	6.03	1.96	14800	1.48	0.00	0.02	2.36	0.77	4.02	0.06	0.01	1.62	0.08
NN01-1-4		457154	522461	0.85	3.71	6.35	0.58	10291	3.05	0.01	0.36	10.88	7.33	3.29	0.10	0.01	4.46	0.20
NN01-4-1		465036	531470	22.61	26.21	16.41	0.76	11014	3.09	0.01	0.00	0.88	0.26	2.02	0.04	0.00	0.68	0.04
NN01-4-2		438836	501526	54.46	78.42	13.24	0.20	26739	0.00	0.00	0.33	7.23	3.77	10.53	0.00	0.01	5.08	0.47
NN01-2-1		445704	509376	9.91	20.33	5.81	0.55	18089	2.29	0.11	0.00	48.35	0.70	4.24	0.13	0.04	55.66	1.36
NN01-2-2		424530	485178	204.96	375.30	15.42	0.39	29374	2.68	0.00	0.16	17.35	4.33	13.78	0.00	0.01	13.49	1.76
NN01-2-3		428482	489694	70.93	191.76	7.43	0.47	23041	0.00	0.06	0.11	25.07	2.77	3.67	0.05	0.01	23.50	2.74
NN01-2-4		446820	510651	4.46	23.07	10.18	0.29	20612	8.60	0.01	0.25	4.61	2.60	3.45	0.05	0.01	3.57	0.41
平均值		445070	508652	41.29	101.39	14.58	0.52	19697	2.41	0.03	0.15	13.99	2.44	6.37	0.07	0.08	11.91	0.79
NN01-1-5	PyⅡ	435574	497800	0.05	0.42	80.24	0.29	37430	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.03	0.00	103.59	0.04	0.00	0.01	0.00
NN01-1-6		419809	479781	0.37	6.88	76.51	0.41	42446	1.97	0.01	0.05	0.07	0.00	121.72	0.03	0.02	0.36	0.01
NN01-5-3		426610	487554	0.03	0.61	50.98	0.53	30805	0.16	0.02	0.00	5.44	0.00	53.80	0.11	0.08	2.67	0.63
NN01-5-4		412026	470887	0.32	4.44	40.75	0.55	36272	0.99	0.30	0.00	68.19	0.00	54.46	0.10	0.05	66.16	1.77
NN01-5-5		401748	459140	0.72	10.50	64.70	0.56	39901	0.57	0.01	0.06	0.11	0.00	74.63	0.03	0.00	0.05	0.00
NN01-3-4		413568	472649	193.44	482.13	292.36	4.73	32930	0.76	0.11	1.70	65.20	8.15	26.62	0.24	0.12	36.52	3.25
NN01-3-5		405897	463883	6.84	32.09	73.71	0.55	52533	0.00	0.01	0.25	17.22	2.96	41.31	0.08	0.00	14.49	1.29
平均值		416462	475956	28.83	76.72	97.04	1.09	38902	0.64	0.07	0.30	22.32	1.59	68.02	0.09	0.04	17.18	0.99
NN01-3-1	毒砂	322414	184236	5.07	30.44	6.37	0.00	417457	0.00	0.28	0.17	110.69	1.89	55.03	0.42	0.04	6.58	0.72
NN01-3-2		322840	184480	54.94	504.74	2.51	0.00	415697	13.27	0.03	0.00	106.42	0.54	53.87	0.35	0.00	1.88	0.69
NN01-3-3		321162	183521	13.89	56.13	1.78	0.00	419960	0.00	0.00	0.30	90.98	2.16	45.56	0.33	0.01	4.08	0.62
NN01-4-1		324695	185540	2.87	5.88	0.95	0.00	413464	1.42	0.00	0.14	83.93	0.07	23.39	0.15	0.01	1.14	0.22
NN01-4-2		323804	185031	39.35	298.57	5.10	0.00	413584	4.53	0.03	0.00	116.35	1.78	70.17	0.34	0.01	4.72	0.58
NN01-4-3		324423	185385	0.09	11.95	0.53	0.06	413218	21.16	0.01	0.00	71.89	0.03	31.16	0.01	0.02	0.10	0.03
NN01-5-1		324981	185703	19.50	5.34	1.00	0.11	405414	6.18	0.00	0.41	368.90	5.02	0.77	0.14	0.05	9.97	2.73
NN01-5-2		326103	186345	1.16	8.30	2.21	0.30	405725	6.05	0.00	0.37	83.34	4.82	8.20	0.13	0.02	1.76	0.26
平均值		323803	185030	17.11	115.17	2.56	0.06	413065	6.58	0.04	0.17	129.06	2.04	36.02	0.23	0.02	3.78	0.73

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表 2 那能金矿载金矿物硫同位素组成

Table 2. Sulfur isotope composition of gold-bearing minerals in the Naneng gold deposit

样品编号	矿物	δ³⁴S/‰	2α/‰
NN01-1	黄铁矿（PyⅠ）	16.2	0.1
NN01-2	黄铁矿（PyⅠ）	16.2	0.1
NN01-9	黄铁矿（PyⅠ）	14.8	0.1
NN01-6	黄铁矿（PyⅡ）	13.9	0.1
NN01-7	黄铁矿（PyⅡ）	16.3	0.1
NN01-8	黄铁矿（PyⅡ）	16.5	0.1
NN01-12	黄铁矿（PyⅡ）	15.1	0.1
NN01-3	毒砂	13.9	0.1
NN01-4	毒砂	13.7	0.1
NN01-5	毒砂	15.8	0.1
NN01-10	毒砂	14.7	0.1
NN01-11	毒砂	15.8	0.1
注：α.标准差

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