鄂尔多斯盆地北部盆缘过渡带致密砂岩气成藏动力机制

齐荣; 曹强; 张威; 马奔奔; 陆永潮; 叶加仁; 安川; 李春堂; 张悦辉; 时永僖

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240519

鄂尔多斯盆地北部盆缘过渡带致密砂岩气成藏动力机制

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240519

齐荣^1,,
曹强^{2a, 2b, ,},
张威^{1, 2a},
马奔奔^{2a, 2b},
陆永潮^{2a, 2b},
叶加仁^{2a, 2b},
安川¹,
李春堂¹,
张悦辉^2a,
时永僖^{2a, 3}

1.
中国石化华北油气分公司勘探开发研究院，郑州 450006
2a.
中国地质大学（武汉）：资源学院
2b.
中国地质大学（武汉）：构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室，武汉 430074
3.
中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院，山东东营 257015

基金项目: 中国石化科技部项目：鄂尔多斯盆地南部古生界构造−沉积演化及成藏条件研究（P24008）；中国石油化工股份有限公司华北油气分公司项目：鄂尔多斯盆地南部古生界原型盆地恢复与成藏条件研究（34550000-24-ZC0611-0011）；中国地质大学（武汉）构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室2022年度开放基金：盆缘过渡带先成型致密砂岩气富集动力学机理−以鄂尔多斯盆地北缘东胜气田为例（TPR-2022-09）；中国石油化工股份有限公司华北油气分公司横向课题：彬长地区上古生界流体包裹体测试与成藏演化实验（34550000-24-FW2022-0059）；湖北省自然科学基金地质创新发展联合基金项目：鄂西地区二叠系页岩气储层古压力恢复及成因机制（2024AFD396）

详细信息

作者简介:
齐荣：E-mail：qirong.hbsj@sinopec.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：qcao@cug.edu.cn

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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-27

Dynamic mechanism of tight sandstone gas accumulation in northern basin-margin transition zone of Ordos Basin

QI Rong^1
,,
CAO Qiang^{2a, 2b
, ,},
ZHANG Wei^{1, 2a},
MA Benben^{2a, 2b},
LU Yongchao^{2a, 2b},
YE Jiaren^{2a, 2b},
AN Chuan¹,
LI Chuntang¹,
ZHANG Yuehui^2a,
SHI Yongxi^{2a, 3}

1.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, SINOPEC North China Company, Zhengzhou 450006, China
2a.
School of Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan)
2b.
Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, Shengli Oilfield Branch, Sinopec, Dongying Shandong 257015, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：qirong.hbsj@sinopec.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：qcao@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
鄂尔多斯盆地北部盆−缘过渡带杭锦旗新召东区带二叠系盒一段准连续型致密砂岩气藏为现阶段勘探主要对象，勘探证实新召东区盒一段砂岩储层多已高度致密化，但仍可形成大规模天然气的充注成藏，本研究旨在查明主成藏期成藏动阻力耦合机制及其控藏效应，揭示鄂尔多斯盆地北部盆缘过渡带致密砂岩气成藏动力机制。以成藏动力学理论为指导，综合利用储层岩石学、成藏年代学及盆地模拟技术，分析新召东区带盒一段储层致密化与天然气成藏时序关系类型，定量重建致密砂岩储层的充注动力−阻力演化过程，总结主成藏期致密砂岩气成藏动阻力耦合机制及其控藏效应。研究表明，新召东区带盒一段主体为致密储层，发育压实主导致密型与石英胶结主导致密型2种成因的致密砂岩储层及1类溶蚀主导未致密型储层；天然气主成藏期为距今110～100 Ma的早白垩世末，天然气以CO₂和CH₄混合充注为特征；2种成因的致密砂岩储层都表现为“先致密后成藏”，且主成藏期天然气成藏动力大于阻力。净成藏动力（动力与阻力差值）大于7 MPa是杭锦旗地区新召东区带盒一段储层天然气富集的必要条件，高净成藏动力和良好封堵条件是杭锦旗新召东区天然气富集关键因素。
- 致密砂岩气 /
- 盆−缘过渡带 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地 /
- 盒一段 /
- 成藏动阻力 /
- 成藏动力机制
Abstract:
Objective
Due to the westward shift of natural gas exploration strategy in the Hangjinqi area, the first member of the Shihezi Formation in the Xinzhao East Zone (located in the western part of the Hangjinqi area) has become the main target for natural gas exploration at this stage. Compared with other zones in the Hangjinqi area, the Xinzhao East Zone has the largest burial depth, the poorest physical properties of the Upper Paleozoic sandstone reservoirs, and most of its reservoirs have been highly densified. Existing exploration results confirm that, under conditions of high densification, the first member of the Shihezi Formation in the Xinzhao East Zone can still form large-scale natural gas charging and accumulation. This study aims to identify the coupling mechanism of driving and resisting forces during the main accumulation period and its controlling effects on gas accumulation, and to reveal the dynamic mechanism of tight sandstone gas accumulation in the transition zone of the northern margin of the Ordos Basin.
Methods
In this study, the quasi-continuous tight sandstone gas of the first member of the Shihezi Formation in the Xinzhao East Zone of Hangjinqi area, located in the northern basin-margin transition zone of the Ordos Basin, was taken as the main research object. Guided by the theory of reservoir-forming dynamics, reservoir petrology, reservoir-forming chronology, and basin simulation technology were comprehensively used to analyze the mechanism and process of reservoir densification of the first member of the Shihezi Formation in the Xinzhao East Zone. The charging period and time of natural gas were determined, the relationship between reservoir densification and natural gas accumulation was summarized, and the charging dynamic-resistance evolution process of tight sandstone reservoirs was quantitatively reconstructed. The dynamic-resistance coupling mechanism and its reservoir-controlling effect of tight sandstone gas accumulation in the main accumulation period were summarized.
Results
The results showed that the proportion of tight reservoirs in the first member of the Shihezi Formation in the Xinzhao East Zone of the Hangjinqi area was more than 50%, and two types of tight sandstone reservoirs (compaction-dominated and quartz cementation-dominated tight types) and one type of dissolution-dominated non-tight reservoir were developed. The main accumulation period of natural gas in the first member of the Shihezi Formation in the Xinzhao East Zone was the end of the Early Cretaceous (110-100 Ma), and the natural gas was characterized by mixed charging of CO₂ and CH₄. The tight sandstone reservoirs of the two origins were characterized by densification followed by accumulation, and the natural gas accumulation driving force was greater than the resisting force during the main accumulation period in the middle and late Early Cretaceous.
Conclusion
It is proposed for the first time that the gas accumulation net driving force (difference between driving and resisting forces) is greater than 7 MPa, which is a necessary condition for natural gas enrichment in the first member of the Shihezi Formation in the Xinzhao East Zone of the Hangjinqi area. High net accumulation driving force and favorable sealing conditions may be the key factors for natural gas enrichment in the Xinzhao East Zone of the Hangjinqi area.
- tight sandstone gas /
- basin-margin transition zone /
- Ordos Basin /
- first member of the Shihezi Formation /
- driving and resisting forces of gas accumulation /
- gas accumulation dynamic mechanism

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图 1 杭锦旗地区构造单元划分与综合柱状图（据中石化华北油气分公司2018年资料修改）

（a）构造区划图；（b）杭锦旗工区位置示意图；（c）单井地层综合柱状图

Figure 1. Structural unit division and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Hangjinqi area

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图 2 杭锦旗新召东区带盒1段颗粒组分含量三角图(a)、孔-渗交会图(b)、孔-渗频率分布直方图(c, d)、岩相类型与磨圆度频率分布直方图(e, f)

Figure 2. Ternary diagram of grain component content (a), porosity-permeability cross plot (b), frequency distribution histograms of porosity and permeability (c, d), and frequency distribution histograms of lithofacies type and roundness (e, f) of first member of Shihezi Formation in Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

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图 3 杭锦旗新召东区带盒一段储集空间类型

a. 锦151井，3534.7 m，岩屑颗粒溶蚀铸模孔；b. 锦59井，3528.2 m，岩屑颗粒溶蚀形成次生孔隙；c. 锦152井，3451 m，长石沿解理溶蚀；d. 锦152井，3449.84 m，高岭石晶间孔；e. 锦152井，3449.84 m，高岭石晶间孔；f. 锦30井，3461.46 m，石英颗粒压裂缝

Figure 3. Reservoir space types of first member of Shihezi Formation in Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

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图 4 反演回剥法恢复杭锦旗新召东区带致密砂岩各成岩阶段储层孔隙度与渗透率（Δϕ. 储层孔隙度变化）

Figure 4. Porosity and permeability of tight sandstone reservoirs at different diagenetic stages in Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area restored by inverse back-stripping method

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图 5 杭锦旗新召东区带致密化主控因素

a. 压实主导致密型成岩改造模式图；b. 石英胶结主导致密型成岩改造模式图；c. 裂缝−溶蚀主导未致密型成岩改造模式图

Figure 5. Main controlling factors of densification in Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

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图 6 杭锦旗新召地区锦62井成藏事件图

Permian. 二叠纪；Triassic：三叠纪；U Tri.上三叠统；Jurassic. 侏罗纪；L Jur. 下侏罗统；Cretaceous. 白垩纪；Lower Cretaceous. 下白垩统；U Crt. 上白垩统；Paleogene. 古近纪；Eocene. 始新世；Neog. 新近纪；Mio. 中新世；Q4. 第四系；K₁z. 白垩系志丹群；J₂a. 侏罗系安定组；J₂z. 侏罗系直罗组；J₁y. 侏罗系延安组；T₃y. 三叠系延长组；T₂e. 三叠系二马营组合延长组；T₁h. 叠系和尚沟组；T₁l. 三叠系刘家沟组；P₂sh. 二叠系上石盒子组合石千峰组；P₁x2. 二叠系下石盒子组二段；C₃t. 石炭系太原组；下同

Figure 6. Accumulation event chart of Well Jin 62 in Xinzhao zone, Hangjinqi area

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图 7 杭锦旗地区新召东区带代表井盒一段储层流体包裹体显微特征

a. 锦151井，3534.7 m，石英颗粒内纯气相包裹体；b. 锦59井，3528.2 m，石英内裂纹内条带状展布纯气相包裹体；c.锦62井，3461 m，石英内裂纹内条带状展布纯气相包裹体；d.锦30井，3461.46 m，石英颗粒内气液两相包裹体

Figure 7. Microscopic characteristics of fluid inclusions in first member of Shihezi Formation of representative wells in Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

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图 8 杭锦旗新召东区带锦30井盒一段储层流体包裹体及其激光拉曼光谱特征

a. 石英颗粒内气液两相包裹体，特征峰2249 cm⁻¹和2947 cm⁻¹，表明该包裹体中气体为N₂和CH₄混合气，伴生盐水包裹体测温124～129℃；b. 石英颗粒内气液两相包裹体，特征峰1456 cm⁻¹、2247 cm⁻¹和2943 cm⁻¹，表明该包裹体中气体成分主要为CO₂、N₂和CH₄，伴生盐水包裹体测温101℃

Figure 8. Fluid inclusions and their laser Raman spectral characteristics in first member of Shihezi Formation of Well Jin-30 in Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

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图 9 杭锦旗新召东区带锦30井天然气充注历史

P. 二叠纪；T. 三叠纪；J. 侏罗纪；K. 白垩纪；E. 古近纪；N-Q. 新近纪–第四纪；下同

Figure 9. Natural gas charging history of Well Jin-30 in Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

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图 10 杭锦旗新召东区带孔隙度与排替压力(a)、中值压力(b)拟合关系图

Figure 10. Fitting relationship of porosity with displacement pressure (a) and median pressure (b) in Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

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图 11 杭锦旗新召东区带盒一段不同致密类型储层天然气成藏动力−阻力定量评价图

a. 储层致密化与天然气成藏时序关系；b. 成藏动力−排替压力耦合演化史；c. 成藏动力−中值压力耦合演化史

Figure 11. Quantitative evaluation of driving and resisting forces of natural gas accumulation of different tight reservoir types in first member of Shihezi Formation, Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

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图 12 杭锦旗地区盒一段储层产能与净动力相关性散点图

Figure 12. Scatter plot of correlation between reservoir productivity and net driving force in first member of Shihezi Formation, Hangjinqi area

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表 1 杭锦旗地区新召东区带单井模拟模型选取方案

Table 1. Selection schemes of single-well simulation models in Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

系统模块	功能	系统提供的模型		本研究方案
地史	构造沉降史	构造沉降模型	Airy均衡模型	Airy均衡模型
	地层埋藏史	压实模型	指数模型	指数模型
			倒数模型
			固体率模型
			孔隙度表
		渗透率模型	修正的K-C模型	Modified Kozeny- Carman
			幂函数模型Power Function
			孔隙度/渗透率关系
热史	热流史地温史	梯度热流模型		瞬变热流模型
		稳态热流模型
		瞬变热流模型
		裂谷热流模型
生烃史	有机质成熟度史	Lopatin-waples TTI法		LLNL-Easy R_o法
		LLNL-Easy R_o法
		简易R_o法
	生烃史	R_o-生烃率法		化学动力学法
	生烃史	化学动力学法		化学动力学法
注：LLNL-Esay R_o法. 美国劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室简易镜质体反射率法；R_o. 镜质体反射率；下同

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表 2 杭锦旗新召东区带锦30井包裹体测温数据及气包裹体组成判识

Table 2. Microthermometric data of fluid inclusions and identification of gas inclusion composition in well Jin-30 in Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

宿主矿物	分布特征	包裹体类型	气液比/%	单偏颜色	荧光颜色	气包裹体成分	伴生盐水包裹体均一温度/℃
石英	颗粒内裂纹	气烃	100	灰黑	无	CO₂和CH₄	150～160
						N₂和CH₄	120～135
						CO_2、N₂和CH₄	100～110

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表 3 杭锦旗新召东区带盒一段不同致密类型储层不同时期天然气成藏阻力估算

Table 3. Estimation of resisting force of natural gas accumulation in different periods of different tight reservoir types in first member of Shihezi Formation, Xinzhao East Zone, Hangjinqi area

储层受控类型	时间/Ma	孔隙度/%	排替压力/MPa	中值压力/MPa
压实主导致密型	280	43.0	0.08	0.54
	260	35.4	0.11	0.78
	240	10.2	0.80	8.31
	150	9.5	0.89	9.51
	110	9.4	0.91	9.70
	0	9.3	0.92	9.90
石英胶结主导致密型	280	40.0	0.09	0.62
	260	34.1	0.12	0.84
	240	26.1	0.18	1.40
	150	9.4	0.91	9.70
	110	7.2	1.38	16.09
	0	6.0	1.84	22.73
溶蚀主导未致密型	280	43.2	0.08	0.54
	260	36.5	0.11	0.74
	240	31.7	0.13	0.97
	150	30.1	0.14	1.07
	110	16.5	0.37	3.34
	0	14.9	0.44	4.05

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